{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225827528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","title":"Pulsatile Red Reflex: Identification and Quantitative Characterization of a Previously Unreported Phenomenon","display_name":"Pulsatile Red Reflex: Identification and Quantitative Characterization of a Previously Unreported Phenomenon","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225827528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039970192","display_name":"Abdulkadir Oduncu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-8393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-8393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153358","display_name":"Liv Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fehsp44","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153358"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkadir Oduncu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liv Hospital Vadistanbul"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-8393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liv Hospital Vadistanbul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161482633","display_name":"\u0130brahim F\u0131rat Helvac\u0131o\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281256770","display_name":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dzjmc73","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130brahim F\u0131rat Helvac\u0131o\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00dcsk\u00fcdar University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14384","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79191276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259620","display_name":"Pulsatile flow","level":2,"score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.791700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105054674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707381","display_name":"Mean difference","level":3,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780124106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140495","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46762472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648","display_name":"Peripheral","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89838059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623738","display_name":"Coefficient of variation","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186991048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184883","display_name":"Color difference","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163373","display_name":"Pipette","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11686540/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977794054","https://openalex.org/W1980150361","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2016778993","https://openalex.org/W2024376451","https://openalex.org/W2044385476","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2075218366","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2766766681","https://openalex.org/W2800001273","https://openalex.org/W2901744396","https://openalex.org/W2993531085","https://openalex.org/W3020854777","https://openalex.org/W4254606929","https://openalex.org/W4411469779","https://openalex.org/W4414345267","https://openalex.org/W4416942223"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose":[1],"To":[2],"describe":[3],"and":[4,36,54,59,89,150,193,215],"quantitatively":[5,194],"characterize":[6,195],"a":[7,33,177,183,209,216],"previously":[8],"unreported":[9],"pulsatile":[10,20,179,223],"component":[11,181],"of":[12,84,135,137,203,221],"the":[13,19,94,161,187],"red":[14,21,174],"reflex,":[15],"which":[16],"we":[17],"term":[18],"reflex":[22,175],"(PRR).":[23],"Methods":[24],"Thirty-one":[25],"phakic":[26],"participants":[27,75],"underwent":[28],"red-reflex":[29,213],"video":[30],"recording":[31,55],"using":[32,70],"slit":[34],"lamp":[35],"smartphone":[37],"adapter":[38],"after":[39],"pharmacological":[40],"mydriasis.":[41],"A":[42],"multichannel":[43],"imaging":[44],"photoplethysmography":[45],"pipeline":[46],"extracted":[47],"pulse-related":[48,205],"intensity":[49,180],"changes.":[50],"Relative":[51],"signal":[52],"amplitude":[53],"quality":[56],"were":[57,63],"characterized,":[58],"PRR-derived":[60],"pulse":[61,68,113,198],"rates":[62,114],"compared":[64],"with":[65,132,160,186,197],"contemporaneous":[66],"fingertip":[67],"oximetry":[69],"Bland\u2013Altman":[71],"analysis.":[72],"Results":[73],"Twenty-one":[74],"provided":[76],"valid":[77],"recordings":[78],"(67.7%);":[79],"three":[80],"acquisitions":[81],"failed":[82],"because":[83],"dense":[85],"posterior":[86],"subcapsular":[87],"cataract":[88],"seven":[90],"did":[91],"not":[92],"meet":[93],"10-s":[95],"duration":[96],"criterion.":[97],"Green-channel":[98],"root":[99,151],"mean":[100,152,163],"square":[101,153],"alternating-to-direct-current":[102],"(AC/DC)":[103],"ratios":[104],"ranged":[105,115],"from":[106,116],"0.19%":[107],"to":[108,118,140,212],"0.52%":[109],"(median":[110],"0.28%).":[111],"Reference":[112],"55":[117],"90":[119],"beats":[120],"per":[121],"minute":[122],"(bpm).":[123],"Mean":[124,144],"difference":[125],"was":[126,147],"+":[127,141],"0.03":[128],"bpm":[129,149],"(SD":[130],"1.34),":[131],"95%":[133,167],"limits":[134],"agreement":[136,200],"\u2212":[138],"2.60":[139],"2.66":[142],"bpm.":[143,156],"absolute":[145],"error":[146,154],"1.04":[148],"1.31":[155],"Signed":[157],"differences":[158],"increased":[159],"paired":[162],"(slope":[164],"0.11":[165],"bpm/bpm;":[166],"confidence":[168],"interval":[169],"0.07\u20130.15).":[170],"Conclusion":[171],"The":[172],"familiar":[173],"contains":[176],"measurable":[178],"at":[182],"frequency":[184],"consistent":[185],"peripheral":[188],"pulse.":[189],"These":[190],"findings":[191],"identify":[192],"PRR,":[196],"rate":[199],"providing":[201],"evidence":[202],"its":[204],"nature.":[206],"PRR":[207],"introduces":[208],"dynamic":[210],"dimension":[211],"assessment":[214],"basis":[217],"for":[218],"further":[219],"investigation":[220],"ocular":[222],"signals.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}