{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225825454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","title":"Character Education and Conditions for Teacher Flourishing: An Exploratory Psychometric and Correlational Study of Two Scales","display_name":"Character Education and Conditions for Teacher Flourishing: An Exploratory Psychometric and Correlational Study of Two Scales","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225825454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089439120","display_name":"Ver\u00f3nica Fern\u00e1ndez Espinosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ver\u00f3nica Fern\u00e1ndez-Espinosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694011","display_name":"Jorge L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-9386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-9386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161476269","display_name":"Marta Vel\u00e1zquez-Gil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Vel\u00e1zquez-Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Virtudes y Valores, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089439120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1929","last_page":"1929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.21619999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.21619999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.16300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.15150000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462027","display_name":"Flourishing","level":2,"score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8327999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062949","display_name":"Character education","level":3,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374230","display_name":"Teacher education","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993311118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51379","display_name":"Positive relationship","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851740361","https://openalex.org/W2033582154","https://openalex.org/W2048103825","https://openalex.org/W2049667581","https://openalex.org/W2101154570","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2158836722","https://openalex.org/W2335961044","https://openalex.org/W2556622256","https://openalex.org/W2735244379","https://openalex.org/W2888104326","https://openalex.org/W2890645978","https://openalex.org/W2891139916","https://openalex.org/W2909784395","https://openalex.org/W2974899444","https://openalex.org/W3035909150","https://openalex.org/W3048588332","https://openalex.org/W3049559071","https://openalex.org/W3211992861","https://openalex.org/W4235061885","https://openalex.org/W4247329631","https://openalex.org/W4283159894","https://openalex.org/W4293072007","https://openalex.org/W4307303133","https://openalex.org/W4313597558","https://openalex.org/W4362609721","https://openalex.org/W4381661944","https://openalex.org/W4384571270","https://openalex.org/W4385202188","https://openalex.org/W4386790904","https://openalex.org/W4392830898","https://openalex.org/W4395000569","https://openalex.org/W4395681746","https://openalex.org/W4398208657","https://openalex.org/W4399514806","https://openalex.org/W4399683703","https://openalex.org/W4401672077","https://openalex.org/W4404641969","https://openalex.org/W4408486017","https://openalex.org/W4411234693","https://openalex.org/W4411379604","https://openalex.org/W4412846925","https://openalex.org/W4413065796","https://openalex.org/W4413517090","https://openalex.org/W4414020900","https://openalex.org/W4414520130","https://openalex.org/W4416792131"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,238],"examines":[2],"the":[3,20,26,53,64,87,100,104,113,153,211,218],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"character":[6,163],"education":[7],"and":[8,16,25,55,106,110,130,160,183,193,202,208,215,217,229,243],"teacher":[9,126,131],"flourishing":[10,127],"by":[11],"proposing":[12],"a":[13,33,49,56],"theoretical":[14],"model":[15,69],"two":[17],"psychometric":[18,101],"instruments:":[19],"Character":[21],"Education":[22],"Scale":[23,30],"(CES)":[24],"Teacher":[27],"Flourishing":[28],"Conditions":[29],"(TFCS).":[31],"In":[32],"cross-sectional":[34,214],"survey":[35],"of":[36,103,112,125,162],"518":[37],"teachers":[38],"from":[39],"nine":[40,181],"schools":[41,182,220],"in":[42,86,116,180,250],"four":[43],"countries,":[44],"exploratory":[45,241],"factor":[46],"analyses":[47],"supported":[48],"four-dimensional":[50],"structure":[51,62],"for":[52,63,99,157,199],"CES":[54,105,134],"theoretically":[57],"meaningful,":[58],"though":[59],"preliminary,":[60],"two-dimensional":[61],"TFCS,":[65,114],"although":[66],"its":[67,117],"overall":[68],"fit":[70],"was":[71],"unsatisfactory":[72],"(RMSEA":[73],"=":[74,77,148,173],"0.16;":[75],"TLI":[76],"0.88).":[78],"Both":[79],"scales":[80],"showed":[81,136],"high":[82],"internal":[83],"consistency,":[84],"which":[85,115],"TFCS":[88,145],"may":[89,230],"partly":[90],"reflect":[91],"item":[92],"redundancy.":[93],"The":[94,237],"findings":[95],"provide":[96],"preliminary":[97],"evidence":[98],"usefulness":[102],"support":[107,129],"further":[108],"development":[109],"validation":[111],"current":[118],"form":[119],"assesses":[120],"perceived":[121],"school":[122,200,235],"conditions":[123],"supportive":[124],"(leadership":[128],"climate).":[132],"All":[133],"dimensions":[135,146],"moderate":[137],"to":[138,150,175,233],"strong":[139],"positive":[140,171],"Spearman":[141],"correlations":[142,166,186,192],"with":[143,152],"both":[144],"(\u03c1":[147,172],"0.38":[149],"0.67),":[151],"highest":[154],"coefficients":[155],"observed":[156],"mission":[158],"alignment":[159],"visibility":[161],"education.":[164],"Within-school":[165],"were":[167,178,221],"smaller":[168],"but":[169],"remained":[170],"0.31":[174],"0.53).":[176],"Teachers":[177],"nested":[179],"several":[184],"intraclass":[185],"indicated":[187],"substantial":[188],"clustering;":[189],"therefore,":[190],"these":[191,223],"their":[194],"confidence":[195],"intervals":[196],"are":[197],"unadjusted":[198],"membership":[201],"should":[203],"be":[204],"read":[205],"as":[206],"descriptive":[207],"exploratory.":[209],"Because":[210],"design":[212],"is":[213],"correlational":[216],"participating":[219],"self-selected,":[222],"associations":[224],"do":[225],"not":[226,231],"establish":[227],"directionality":[228],"generalise":[232],"other":[234],"settings.":[236],"offers":[239],"an":[240],"conceptual":[242],"operational":[244],"framework":[245],"that":[246],"requires":[247],"confirmatory":[248],"testing":[249],"independent":[251],"samples.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}