{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225823926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","title":"From hemodynamics to function: the role of fNIRS and hybrid EEG-fNIRS systems in next-generation assistive technologies for rehabilitation","display_name":"From hemodynamics to function: the role of fNIRS and hybrid EEG-fNIRS systems in next-generation assistive technologies for rehabilitation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225823926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115201632","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-453X","issn":["1662-453X","1662-4548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108274021","display_name":"Marimuthu Ramadoss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marimuthu Ramadoss","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161459735","display_name":"Vidhya Sampath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vidhya Sampath","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161459735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7324000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7324000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.24629999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.7567999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6621999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.553600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309766","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130796691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750537","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780328615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25099899","display_name":"Functional Independence Measure","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115201632","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-453X","issn":["1662-453X","1662-4548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2026.1968129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115201632","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-453X","issn":["1662-453X","1662-4548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225823926.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225823926.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492456464","https://openalex.org/W1765423497","https://openalex.org/W1972606226","https://openalex.org/W1973638771","https://openalex.org/W1980786684","https://openalex.org/W1983420402","https://openalex.org/W1991550546","https://openalex.org/W2002365765","https://openalex.org/W2010872261","https://openalex.org/W2012884785","https://openalex.org/W2022021629","https://openalex.org/W2025564775","https://openalex.org/W2029802912","https://openalex.org/W2047401359","https://openalex.org/W2053166131","https://openalex.org/W2066113169","https://openalex.org/W2066327120","https://openalex.org/W2079283960","https://openalex.org/W2091953004","https://openalex.org/W2097823586","https://openalex.org/W2104946207","https://openalex.org/W2112686332","https://openalex.org/W2121265355","https://openalex.org/W2122937259","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2138967075","https://openalex.org/W2154020433","https://openalex.org/W2154774916","https://openalex.org/W2168963208","https://openalex.org/W2231596722","https://openalex.org/W2256369587","https://openalex.org/W2289562584","https://openalex.org/W2291808786","https://openalex.org/W2322873175","https://openalex.org/W2509948470","https://openalex.org/W2729769462","https://openalex.org/W2801171575","https://openalex.org/W2886301707","https://openalex.org/W2909338255","https://openalex.org/W3004612918","https://openalex.org/W3010955800","https://openalex.org/W3022805548","https://openalex.org/W3089379989","https://openalex.org/W3133302653","https://openalex.org/W3142672147","https://openalex.org/W3148962211","https://openalex.org/W3163644187","https://openalex.org/W4210839512","https://openalex.org/W4291720785","https://openalex.org/W4296821129","https://openalex.org/W4377108337","https://openalex.org/W4379648767","https://openalex.org/W4384080487","https://openalex.org/W4396669827","https://openalex.org/W4399466424","https://openalex.org/W4405106228","https://openalex.org/W4406642319","https://openalex.org/W4406872514","https://openalex.org/W4407945185","https://openalex.org/W4408791732","https://openalex.org/W4408896444","https://openalex.org/W4413363486"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assistive":[0],"technologies":[1],"(AT)":[2],"serve":[3],"as":[4,99,210],"fundamental":[5],"tools":[6],"for":[7],"rehabilitation":[8,47,218],"because":[9,53],"they":[10],"help":[11],"people":[12],"with":[13,145],"neurological":[14],"or":[15],"physical":[16],"disabilities":[17],"to":[18,57,111,123],"restore":[19],"their":[20,24,55,109],"abilities,":[21],"independence":[22],"and":[23,42,64,91,103,115,151,169,184,198],"overall":[25],"life":[26],"satisfaction.":[27],"Existing":[28],"AT":[29,178],"control":[30,179],"methods,":[31,160],"which":[32,140,148,161],"include":[33],"manual":[34],"operation,":[35],"eye":[36],"tracking,":[37],"voice":[38],"commands,":[39],"electromyography":[40],"(EMG)":[41],"electroencephalography":[43],"(EEG),":[44],"have":[45,107,181],"improved":[46],"results":[48,168],"but":[49],"still":[50],"face":[51],"challenges":[52],"of":[54,121],"inability":[56],"maintain":[58],"reliable":[59],"performance":[60],"during":[61],"user":[62,113],"exhaustion":[63],"difficulties":[65],"operating":[66],"in":[67,130],"challenging":[68],"situations.":[69],"Functional":[70],"near-infrared":[71],"spectroscopy":[72],"(fNIRS)":[73],"has":[74,92],"recently":[75],"become":[76],"a":[77,211],"new":[78],"neuroimaging":[79],"technique":[80],"that":[81],"provides":[82,141,149],"excellent":[83],"imaging":[84],"capability,":[85],"can":[86,190],"be":[87],"used":[88],"while":[89,164],"moving,":[90],"portable":[93],"design":[94],"features.":[95],"fNIRS-based":[96],"devices":[97],"such":[98],"wheelchairs,":[100],"robotic":[101],"prostheses,":[102],"brain-computer":[104],"interfaces":[105],"(BCIs)":[106],"proven":[108],"ability":[110,120],"decode":[112],"intention":[114],"assist":[116],"rehabilitation.":[117],"The":[118,133,154],"limited":[119],"fNIRS":[122,146,189],"measure":[124],"time":[125],"intervals":[126],"prevents":[127],"its":[128],"use":[129],"real-time":[131],"systems.":[132],"hybrid":[134,207],"EEG-fNIRS":[135,208],"systems":[136,209],"combine":[137,157],"EEG":[138],"technology,":[139,147],"high-speed":[142],"temporal":[143],"measurements,":[144],"spatial":[150],"hemodynamic":[152],"measurements.":[153],"multimodal":[155],"techniques":[156],"different":[158],"measurement":[159],"improve":[162],"accuracy":[163],"decreasing":[165],"false":[166],"positive":[167],"increasing":[170],"system":[171],"adaptability.":[172],"This":[173],"review":[174],"critically":[175],"examines":[176],"how":[177],"modalities":[180],"been":[182],"evolving,":[183],"it":[185,195,200],"also":[186],"measures":[187],"what":[188,194],"do":[191],"technically,":[192],"plus":[193],"struggles":[196],"with,":[197],"then":[199],"pulls":[201],"together":[202],"the":[203],"available":[204],"evidence":[205],"on":[206],"possible":[212],"way":[213],"toward":[214],"more":[215],"adaptive,":[216],"user-centered":[217],"technologies.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
