{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225822371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","title":"Sun protection awareness and ultraviolet protection factor product use among pilgrims and nurses during Hajj: A qualitative post-Hajj interview study","display_name":"Sun protection awareness and ultraviolet protection factor product use among pilgrims and nurses during Hajj: A qualitative post-Hajj interview study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225822371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091975083","display_name":"Omar Qaladi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-1562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-1562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Qaladi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-1562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161463173","display_name":"Fahda Alrasheedi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahda Alrasheedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161467106","display_name":"Manahil Alhawsawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manahil Alhawsawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Defense"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Defense","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161451708","display_name":"Raghad Alluhebi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Alluhebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161485908","display_name":"Abeer Abujalid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeer Abujalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"e0362675","last_page":"e0362675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.18569999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777524492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649717","display_name":"Sunburn","level":2,"score":0.892300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017665839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16884010","display_name":"Sun protection","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530175646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11460","display_name":"Clothing","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909094124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321458","display_name":"Sunbathing","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987742019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet radiation","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987116853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet light","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992670425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827658","display_name":"Sun protection factor","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774","display_name":"Health communication","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333024","display_name":"Personal protective equipment","level":5,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97928714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251376","display_name":"Protective factor","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994204100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690942","display_name":"Sun exposure","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776433176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191065","display_name":"Heat illness","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1985021568","https://openalex.org/W1996537012","https://openalex.org/W1999461656","https://openalex.org/W2790130257","https://openalex.org/W2900619723","https://openalex.org/W2919113163","https://openalex.org/W2993813675","https://openalex.org/W3084312169","https://openalex.org/W3088712270","https://openalex.org/W3091476762","https://openalex.org/W3093223973","https://openalex.org/W3117747478","https://openalex.org/W3124809156","https://openalex.org/W3127866482","https://openalex.org/W3189956656","https://openalex.org/W4293066094","https://openalex.org/W4311051950","https://openalex.org/W4323050273","https://openalex.org/W4392467777","https://openalex.org/W4392582044","https://openalex.org/W4403440177","https://openalex.org/W4409402674","https://openalex.org/W4411924970"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Pilgrims":[1],"performing":[2],"Hajj":[3,108],"are":[4,266],"exposed":[5],"to":[6,19,136,189],"extreme":[7],"heat":[8,17,39],"and":[9,21,29,32,41,49,56,62,72,97,114,125,133,138,147,152,165,174,179,187,192,195,219,226,242,252,261],"ultraviolet":[10,57],"(UV)":[11],"radiation,":[12],"which":[13],"pose":[14],"distinct":[15],"risks:":[16],"contributes":[18],"dehydration":[20],"heat-related":[22,272],"illness,":[23],"whereas":[24],"UV":[25,137],"radiation":[26],"causes":[27],"sunburn":[28],"eye":[30],"damage":[31],"increases":[33],"long-term":[34],"skin":[35],"cancer":[36],"risk.":[37],"While":[38],"illness":[40,273],"infectious":[42],"diseases":[43],"have":[44],"been":[45],"widely":[46],"studied,":[47],"awareness":[48,173,241],"use":[50,231],"of":[51,168,232,257],"UV-protective":[52],"measures,":[53],"including":[54],"sunscreen":[55],"protection":[58,246],"factor":[59],"(UPF)-rated":[60],"clothing":[61,228],"umbrellas,":[63],"remain":[64],"underexplored":[65],"in":[66,121,123,240],"this":[67,83],"context.":[68],"Understanding":[69],"both":[70],"pilgrim":[71],"nursing":[73],"perspectives":[74],"is":[75],"essential":[76],"for":[77,197],"developing":[78],"effective":[79],"interventions.":[80],"Methods":[81],"In":[82],"qualitative":[84],"descriptive":[85],"study,":[86],"retrospective":[87],"semi-structured":[88],"interviews":[89],"were":[90,142,161,216],"conducted":[91],"via":[92],"Zoom":[93],"between":[94],"20":[95],"June":[96],"11":[98],"July":[99],"2025,":[100],"within":[101],"approximately":[102],"one":[103],"month":[104],"after":[105],"the":[106],"2025":[107],"season,":[109],"with":[110,268],"16":[111],"Saudi":[112],"pilgrims":[113],"13":[115],"registered":[116],"nurses":[117],"who":[118],"had":[119],"worked":[120],"hospitals":[122],"Makkah":[124],"Madinah":[126],"during":[127,247,253],"Hajj.":[128,248],"Interviews":[129],"explored":[130],"awareness,":[131],"attitudes,":[132],"behaviors":[134],"related":[135],"sun":[139,169,190,203,245],"protection.":[140,233],"Data":[141],"analyzed":[143],"thematically":[144],"following":[145],"Braun":[146],"Clarke\u2019s":[148],"six-phase":[149],"approach.":[150],"Lincoln":[151],"Guba\u2019s":[153],"criteria":[154],"guided":[155],"trustworthiness.":[156],"Results":[157],"Five":[158],"major":[159],"themes":[160],"identified:":[162],"(1)":[163],"physical":[164],"emotional":[166],"impact":[167],"exposure,":[170],"(2)":[171],"limited":[172,230],"knowledge":[175],"gaps,":[176],"(3)":[177],"attitudes":[178],"cultural":[180,227],"influences":[181],"on":[182],"UV/UPF":[183],"use,":[184],"(4)":[185],"barriers":[186,221],"challenges":[188],"protection,":[191],"(5)":[193],"recommendations":[194],"suggestions":[196],"improvement.":[198],"Notably,":[199],"many":[200],"participants":[201],"perceived":[202],"exposure":[204],"as":[205,223],"a":[206,211],"spiritual":[207],"challenge":[208],"rather":[209],"than":[210],"health":[212],"risk,":[213],"UPF-rated":[214],"products":[215],"poorly":[217],"understood,":[218],"practical":[220],"such":[222],"cost,":[224],"availability,":[225],"norms":[229],"Conclusions":[234],"The":[235],"findings":[236],"highlight":[237],"critical":[238],"gaps":[239],"practice":[243],"regarding":[244],"Targeted":[249],"education":[250],"before":[251],"Hajj,":[254],"wider":[255],"availability":[256],"affordable":[258],"protective":[259],"items,":[260],"culturally":[262],"appropriate":[263],"communication":[264],"strategies":[265],"needed,":[267],"messages":[269],"that":[270],"distinguish":[271],"from":[274],"UV-related":[275],"harm.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
