{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225817968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","title":"A Minority of the Variance in Single-Recall Nutrient-Density Pattern Scores Is Between-Person: A Reliability and Regression-Calibration Framework","display_name":"A Minority of the Variance in Single-Recall Nutrient-Density Pattern Scores Is Between-Person: A Reliability and Regression-Calibration Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225817968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18223734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006250449","display_name":"Irina Naskinova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7794-4265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7794-4265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206451062","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Naskinova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG), 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7794-4265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG), 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102720679","display_name":"Mikhail Kolev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206451062","display_name":"University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy","ror":"https://ror.org/033cz7157","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["BG","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Kolev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, S\u0142oneczna 54, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland","Department of Mathematics, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG), 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, S\u0142oneczna 54, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG), 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206451062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109261787","display_name":"Meglena D. Lazarova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8723-0014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8723-0014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31151848","display_name":"Technical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/052prhs50","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meglena Lazarova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Methods, Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Technical University of Sofia, 8 \u201cKliment Ohridski\u201d Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Methods, Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Technical University of Sofia, 8 \u201cKliment Ohridski\u201d Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135585275","display_name":"Hristo Kalinov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8548-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8548-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hristo Kalinov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8548-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147421129","display_name":"Velin Klisurov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8212-6786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8212-6786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Velin Klisurov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8212-6786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109261787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"22","first_page":"3734","last_page":"3734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13984","display_name":"Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.6877999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5389000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018076075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Variance components","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89838059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623738","display_name":"Coefficient of variation","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152587130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092351","display_name":"One-way analysis of variance","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910790537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16883239","display_name":"Short Forms","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18223734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18223734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18223734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Dietary":[1],"pattern\u2013mortality":[2,138],"studies":[3],"usually":[4],"report":[5],"one":[6,108,111],"estimate":[7,170],"from":[8,53,92,172],"a":[9,80,129,151,165,186],"single":[10,130,187],"24-hour":[11],"recall,":[12],"without":[13],"asking":[14],"what":[15],"share":[16],"of":[17,82,125,128,154],"the":[18,21,46,99,126,144,173,184],"variance":[19,127],"in":[20],"resulting":[22],"pattern":[23],"score":[24],"is":[25],"between-person":[26],"rather":[27],"than":[28],"within-person":[29],"variation.":[30],"Methods:":[31],"We":[32],"pooled":[33],"ten":[34],"National":[35],"Health":[36],"and":[37,61,76,110,123,194],"Nutrition":[38],"Examination":[39],"Survey":[40],"(NHANES)":[41],"cycles":[42],"(1999\u20132018)":[43],"linked":[44],"to":[45,96],"2019":[47],"Mortality":[48],"File,":[49],"derived":[50],"nutrient-density":[51],"patterns":[52],"26":[54],"harmonized":[55],"nutrients":[56],"by":[57,199],"non-negative":[58],"matrix":[59],"factorization,":[60],"modeled":[62],"cause-specific":[63],"mortality":[64],"with":[65],"survey-weighted":[66],"Fine\u2013Gray":[67],"subdistribution":[68],"hazards.":[69],"Results:":[70],"The":[71,142,191],"cohort":[72],"comprised":[73],"47,257":[74],"adults":[75],"7629":[77],"deaths":[78],"over":[79],"median":[81],"9.2":[83],"years.":[84],"No":[85],"reconstruction-error":[86],"elbow":[87],"appeared":[88],"at":[89],"any":[90],"rank":[91],"k":[93],"=":[94,160],"2":[95],"8,":[97],"so":[98],"two":[100],"retained":[101],"components":[102],"are":[103,197],"reported":[104],"as":[105,114],"macronutrient-dominant":[106],"axes,":[107],"fat-dominant":[109],"carbohydrate-dominant,":[112],"not":[113],"discovered":[115],"food-based":[116],"patterns.":[117],"Between-person":[118],"variation":[119],"accounted":[120],"for":[121],"31.6%":[122],"35.2%":[124],"observed":[131],"day\u2019s":[132],"score.":[133],"After":[134],"Holm\u2013Bonferroni":[135],"correction":[136],"no":[137],"contrast":[139],"reached":[140],"significance.":[141],"strongest,":[143],"fat":[145],"axis":[146],"against":[147,164],"other-cause":[148],"mortality,":[149],"gave":[150],"hazard":[152],"ratio":[153],"0.92":[155],"(95%":[156],"CI:":[157,177],"0.82\u20131.04,":[158],"padj":[159],"1.000).":[161],"Regression":[162],"calibration":[163,195],"second-day":[166],"recall":[167,188],"moved":[168],"that":[169],"away":[171],"null":[174],"(0.80,":[175],"95%":[176],"0.57\u20131.10)":[178],"while":[179],"widening":[180],"its":[181],"interval,":[182],"quantifying":[183],"attenuation":[185],"imposes.":[189],"Conclusions:":[190],"reliability":[192],"coefficients":[193],"factors":[196],"reusable":[198],"other":[200],"single-recall":[201],"NHANES":[202],"analyses.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}