{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225817611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","title":"Advanced population ageing and social expenditure \u2013 some evidence from long-run relationships in OECD countries","display_name":"Advanced population ageing and social expenditure \u2013 some evidence from long-run relationships in OECD countries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225817611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3846/tede.2026.28753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115091506","display_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","issn_l":"1392-8619","issn":["1392-8619","1822-3613","2029-4913","2029-4921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317518","host_organization_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius Gediminas Technical University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088357612","display_name":"Agata Szyma\u0144ska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-931X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-931X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-3360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34250744","display_name":"University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a","ror":"https://ror.org/05cq64r17","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agata Szyma\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-931X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088357612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"],"apc_list":{"value":675,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":727},"apc_paid":{"value":675,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":727},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"0","issue":"0","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.025499999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13774568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439112","display_name":"Population ageing","level":3,"score":0.758400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777234743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Public expenditure","level":3,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4997999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.48089998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776709667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980956","display_name":"Economic welfare","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3846/tede.2026.28753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115091506","display_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","issn_l":"1392-8619","issn":["1392-8619","1822-3613","2029-4913","2029-4921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317518","host_organization_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius Gediminas Technical University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3846/tede.2026.28753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2026.28753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115091506","display_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","issn_l":"1392-8619","issn":["1392-8619","1822-3613","2029-4913","2029-4921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317518","host_organization_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius Gediminas Technical University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological and Economic Development of Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8017219","https://openalex.org/W1566331826","https://openalex.org/W1582881161","https://openalex.org/W1598969128","https://openalex.org/W1809033485","https://openalex.org/W1963716436","https://openalex.org/W1964606206","https://openalex.org/W1976694415","https://openalex.org/W1986047584","https://openalex.org/W1997222271","https://openalex.org/W2003750580","https://openalex.org/W2025161033","https://openalex.org/W2041885765","https://openalex.org/W2061037671","https://openalex.org/W2066824604","https://openalex.org/W2093010646","https://openalex.org/W2097441530","https://openalex.org/W2101371616","https://openalex.org/W2105511787","https://openalex.org/W2121966785","https://openalex.org/W2123136623","https://openalex.org/W2124884000","https://openalex.org/W2125331782","https://openalex.org/W2126383263","https://openalex.org/W2147422150","https://openalex.org/W2149686695","https://openalex.org/W2156339602","https://openalex.org/W2161041152","https://openalex.org/W2161862700","https://openalex.org/W2163794050","https://openalex.org/W2605556112","https://openalex.org/W2749870151","https://openalex.org/W2785400778","https://openalex.org/W2891903900","https://openalex.org/W2899409067","https://openalex.org/W2929161188","https://openalex.org/W2945339401","https://openalex.org/W2948883294","https://openalex.org/W2954372339","https://openalex.org/W2960601842","https://openalex.org/W2965856919","https://openalex.org/W2969619127","https://openalex.org/W2985861700","https://openalex.org/W3004793423","https://openalex.org/W3027725567","https://openalex.org/W3092200075","https://openalex.org/W3121722945","https://openalex.org/W3123178968","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3172189303","https://openalex.org/W3216061961","https://openalex.org/W4248557076","https://openalex.org/W4292551991","https://openalex.org/W4293230758","https://openalex.org/W4308906279","https://openalex.org/W4391616804","https://openalex.org/W4405546809","https://openalex.org/W4406197941","https://openalex.org/W4407412422","https://openalex.org/W4409870765","https://openalex.org/W4414241024"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,82,113,130],"study":[1,26,114],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,25,58,64,71,86,95,110,126,141,153],"long-run":[4,23],"relationship":[5,105],"between":[6],"social":[7,127],"expenditure":[8],"and":[9,49,68],"advanced":[10,80],"population":[11,65,73,89],"ageing":[12,90],"in":[13,70,94,136],"36":[14],"OECD":[15],"economies":[16],"from":[17,99],"1999":[18],"to":[19,56,151],"2022.":[20],"To":[21],"analyze":[22],"relationships,":[24],"applies":[27],"panel":[28],"cointegration,":[29],"common":[30],"correlated":[31],"effects":[32,87],"mean":[33,38],"group":[34,39],"(CCEMG)":[35],"estimator,":[36,41],"augmented":[37],"(AMG)":[40],"group-mean":[42],"fully":[43],"modified":[44],"ordinary":[45,51],"least":[46,52],"squares":[47,53],"(FMOLS)":[48],"dynamic":[50],"(DOLS)":[54],"methods":[55],"compare":[57],"estimation":[59],"results.":[60],"share":[62],"of":[63,79,88,125,145,156],"aged":[66],"80":[67],"over":[69],"total":[72],"is":[74,106],"used":[75],"as":[76],"an":[77,122],"indicator":[78],"ageing.":[81],"results":[83,131],"indicate":[84],"that":[85,103,117],"are":[91],"not":[92,107],"robust":[93],"full":[96],"sample.":[97,112],"Findings":[98],"alternative":[100],"specifications":[101],"suggest":[102],"this":[104],"observed":[108],"across":[109],"entire":[111],"also":[115],"finds":[116],"technological":[118,149],"progress":[119,150],"may":[120],"be":[121],"important":[123],"determinant":[124],"expenditure-to-GDP":[128],"ratio.":[129],"offer":[132],"insights":[133],"for":[134,143],"policymakers":[135],"demographically":[137],"changing":[138],"economies,":[139],"emphasizing":[140],"need":[142],"reforms":[144],"welfare":[146],"programs,":[147],"increasing":[148],"support":[152],"long-term":[154],"sustainability":[155],"public":[157],"finances.":[158],"First":[159],"published":[160],"online":[161],"11":[162],"November":[163],"2026":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}