{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225817548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","title":"Switchable nucleophile-electrophile chemistry enables functional four-electron Li-I2 batteries","display_name":"Switchable nucleophile-electrophile chemistry enables functional four-electron Li-I2 batteries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225817548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161470471","display_name":"Lei Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161477855","display_name":"Zhehan Yi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhehan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600708","display_name":"Tao Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2171-4784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2171-4784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101062870","display_name":"Jinlin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7039-680X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7039-680X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Lin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000040596","display_name":"Zefang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-107X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-107X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zefang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161466226","display_name":"Yiren Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiren Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091415706","display_name":"Shixing Yuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixing Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054447190","display_name":"Wulong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-845X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-845X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wulong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-845X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025941336","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-1425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-1425"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-1425","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161477287","display_name":"Xuhui Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015059832","display_name":"Hong Jin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-4555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-4555"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Jin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-4555","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031711745","display_name":"Lei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-8325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-8325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-8325","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":6990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6990},"apc_paid":{"value":6990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Aqueous and Flow Batteries","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778522978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412784","display_name":"Phthalimide","level":2,"score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6061000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178907741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745930","display_name":"Nucleophile","level":3,"score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50027330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908086","display_name":"Electrophile","level":3,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539932907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1103","display_name":"Iodine","level":2,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985973956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617745","display_name":"High energy","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-79413-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Four-electron":[1],"iodine":[2,38,75,173],"redox":[3],"chemistry":[4,174],"offers":[5],"a":[6,51,61,98,128,137],"high":[7,138],"theoretical":[8],"specific":[9,129,140],"energy":[10,130,141],"of":[11,28,37,42,112,158,171],"~1324":[12],"Wh":[13,133,145],"kgI":[14,134],"\u22121":[15,126,135,147],",":[16,136],"yet":[17],"its":[18],"practical":[19],"realization":[20],"is":[21],"fundamentally":[22],"limited":[23],"by":[24],"the":[25,102,169],"conflicting":[26],"demands":[27],"rapid":[29],"I":[30,45,88,104],"0":[31],"/I":[32],"+":[33,46,89,105],"oxidation,":[34,67],"effective":[35],"suppression":[36],"shuttling,":[39],"and":[40,76,83,149,165],"stabilization":[41],"highly":[43],"reactive":[44],"species.":[47,106],"Here":[48],"we":[49],"report":[50],"redox-active,":[52],"Lewis":[53],"acid/base-tunable":[54],"phthalimide":[55,69,94,113],"that":[56,121],"resolves":[57],"these":[58,159],"constraints":[59],"through":[60],"single-molecule":[62],"polarity-switching":[63],"mechanism.":[64],"Upon":[65],"electrochemical":[66],"electrophilic":[68],"\u03b4+":[70],"strongly":[71],"interacts":[72],"with":[73],"nucleophilic":[74,99],"polyiodide":[77,81],"species,":[78],"concurrently":[79],"suppressing":[80],"shuttling":[82],"promoting":[84],"their":[85],"conversion":[86],"to":[87],".":[90],"The":[91,155],"consecutively":[92],"generated":[93],"\u03b4\u2212":[95],"acts":[96],"as":[97],"stabilizer":[100],"for":[101,175],"resulting":[103],"This":[107],"electrochemically":[108],"driven":[109],"polarity":[110],"switching":[111],"enables":[114],"flexible":[115,177],"four-electron":[116],"Li-I":[117],"2":[118],"pouch":[119],"cells":[120,160],"deliver":[122],"~400":[123],"mAh":[124],"gI":[125],"capacity,":[127],"exceeding":[131],"1200":[132],"cathode-level":[139],"(":[142],"~":[143],"883.4":[144],"kg(cathode)":[146],"),":[148],"stable":[150],"cycling":[151],"over":[152],"1000":[153],"cycles.":[154],"successful":[156],"integration":[157],"into":[161],"wearable":[162],"wireless":[163],"charging":[164],"motion-sensing":[166],"systems":[167],"demonstrates":[168],"potential":[170],"polarity-switchable":[172],"next-generation":[176],"energy-storage":[178],"devices.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}