{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225816308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","title":"Inequalities in risk of dementia in people with multiple long-term conditions: a cohort study in English primary care data","display_name":"Inequalities in risk of dementia in people with multiple long-term conditions: a cohort study in English primary care data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225816308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/rescon/vmag211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407053791","display_name":"Research Connections","issn_l":"3049-5245","issn":["3049-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Connections","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002023082","display_name":"Hilary Shepherd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-4155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-4155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107297","display_name":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink","ror":"https://ror.org/01h3bmp72","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4210107297"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Practice Research Datalink , 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU,","Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink , 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059768780","display_name":"Charlotte Lucy Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-4279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-4279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","Newcastle University School of Pharmacy, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University School of Pharmacy, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055850827","display_name":"Andrew Kingston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-7007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-7007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Kingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025766862","display_name":"Adam Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-9341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-9341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","Newcastle University School of Pharmacy, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University Population Health Science Institute, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University School of Pharmacy, , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002023082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107297","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.8481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.8481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.12479999661445618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120195587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138790","display_name":"Absolute risk reduction","level":3,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777654188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16947724","display_name":"National Death Index","level":4,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693756","display_name":"Lower risk","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102803821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7598403","display_name":"Standardized mortality ratio","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/rescon/vmag211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407053791","display_name":"Research Connections","issn_l":"3049-5245","issn":["3049-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Connections","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/rescon/vmag211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rescon/vmag211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407053791","display_name":"Research Connections","issn_l":"3049-5245","issn":["3049-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Connections","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"and":[2,82,84,88,147,169,201,261,278,293],"aims":[3],"Limited":[4],"research":[5,273],"has":[6],"explored":[7],"inequalities":[8],"in":[9,48,77,100,216,246,256],"dementia":[10,35,123,157,196],"risk":[11,36,42,120,154,233],"among":[12],"individuals":[13,52,95],"with":[14,53,96,103,226,286],"existing":[15],"multiple":[16,97,190,227],"long-term":[17,98,191,228,287],"conditions":[18,58,99,192,229,238,260,288],"(at":[19],"least":[20,55],"two":[21,56,198],"chronic":[22,57],"conditions),":[23],"while":[24],"treating":[25],"death":[26,44,140,202,213,264],"as":[27,141],"a":[28,49,117,142,152],"competing":[29,41,143,179],"event.":[30],"Existing":[31],"studies":[32,257],"rarely":[33],"disaggregate":[34],"by":[37,282],"subgroup.":[38],"Methods":[39],"Fine-Gray":[40,111],"of":[43,51,71,79,93,106,121,155,189,212,234,250,258,270],"analyses":[45],"were":[46,75,92,230],"conducted":[47,76],"cohort":[50,102],"at":[54,231],"using":[59],"Clinical":[60],"Practice":[61],"Research":[62],"Datalink":[63],"primary":[64],"care":[65],"data":[66],"linked":[67],"to":[68,125,159,289],"the":[69,160,183,207,217,247,268],"Index":[70],"Multiple":[72],"Deprivation.":[73],"Analyses":[74],"subgroups":[78],"sex":[80],"(male":[81],"female)":[83],"deprivation":[85,149,185,209,219,262,283],"(low,":[86],"middle":[87,148],"high).":[89],"Results":[90],"There":[91],"908,473":[94],"this":[101],"an":[104],"average":[105],"13.1":[107],"years":[108,194,199,204],"follow-up.":[109],"A":[110],"model":[112],"indicated":[113],"that":[114],"women":[115,225],"had":[116],"26%":[118],"increased":[119,232],"recorded":[122,156,235],"compared":[124,158],"men":[126,244],"(subdistribution":[127],"hazard":[128],"ratio":[129],"(sHR)":[130],"1.26,":[131],"95%":[132,166,173],"confidence":[133],"interval":[134],"(CI)":[135],"1.23-1.28)":[136],"after":[137,177],"accounting":[138,178],"for":[139,243,284],"risk.":[144],"The":[145,222],"high":[146,184,218],"groups":[150],"experienced":[151,187],"lower":[153],"most":[161,223],"affluent":[162,224],"group":[163,186],"(sHR":[164],"0.89,":[165],"CI":[167,174],"0.86-0.92":[168],"sHR":[170],"=":[171],"0.91,":[172],"0.89-0.94":[175],"respectively)":[176],"mortality.":[180],"On":[181],"average,":[182],"onset":[188,197],"three":[193],"earlier,":[195,200],"four":[203],"earlier":[205],"than":[206],"low":[208],"group.":[210,220],"Risk":[211],"was":[214],"greatest":[215],"Conclusion":[221],"dementia.":[236],"Long-term":[237],"may":[239,265],"be":[240],"more":[241],"life-limiting":[242],"living":[245],"highest":[248],"level":[249],"deprivation.":[251],"Competing":[252],"mortality":[253],"is":[254],"important":[255],"age-related":[259],"where":[263],"occur":[266],"before":[267],"outcome":[269],"interest.":[271],"Future":[272],"could":[274],"quantify":[275],"diagnostic":[276],"recording":[277],"healthcare":[279],"resource":[280,291],"use":[281],"people":[285],"inform":[290],"allocation":[292],"prevention":[294],"planning.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
