{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225816252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","title":"Taguchi and ANOVA optimizations on thermal enhancement of the Casson fluid with tri-hybrid nanofluid due to hemispherical surface","display_name":"Taguchi and ANOVA optimizations on thermal enhancement of the Casson fluid with tri-hybrid nanofluid due to hemispherical surface","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225816252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288106","display_name":"Discover Nano","issn_l":"2731-9229","issn":["2731-9229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161448191","display_name":"Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12649496","display_name":"INTI International University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fj82m46","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12649496"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12649496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061509053","display_name":"Umar Nazir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-7840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-7840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179193067","display_name":"Khon Kaen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cq4gr50","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179193067"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Nazir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179193067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088067415","display_name":"Salah Knani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-810X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-810X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Knani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091225745","display_name":"Ali Er\u00e7etin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-1361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-1361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133171086","display_name":"Band\u0131rma Onyedi Eyl\u00fcl University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mtr7g38","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133171086"]}],"countries":["KR","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ercetin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Band\u0131rma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200, Band\u0131rma, T\u00fcrkiye","University College, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Band\u0131rma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200, Band\u0131rma, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133171086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051956896","display_name":"Seham Mahyoub Al-Mekhlafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-9679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-9679","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8395-3845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170535673","display_name":"Sana'a University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hcvaf32","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170535673"]}],"countries":["YE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seham M. Al-Mekhlafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, Sana\u2019a University, Sana\u2019a, Yemen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, Sana\u2019a University, Sana\u2019a, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170535673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000594901","display_name":"Iskander Tlili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-5930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-5930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iskander Tlili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051956896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170535673"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.982699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130230704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898280","display_name":"Nusselt number","level":4,"score":0.8043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7321000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111513","display_name":"Heat transfer enhancement","level":4,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29700514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340","display_name":"Heat transfer coefficient","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90278072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168589914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727023","display_name":"Ferrofluid","level":3,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140190676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172137","display_name":"Lorentz force","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205951836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147751","display_name":"Finite difference method","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288106","display_name":"Discover Nano","issn_l":"2731-9229","issn":["2731-9229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05137-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288106","display_name":"Discover Nano","issn_l":"2731-9229","issn":["2731-9229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210831770","https://openalex.org/W4281296073","https://openalex.org/W4284958874","https://openalex.org/W4296699624","https://openalex.org/W4379803837","https://openalex.org/W4401545081","https://openalex.org/W4405186620","https://openalex.org/W4407609850","https://openalex.org/W4407721787","https://openalex.org/W4409284522","https://openalex.org/W4409637643","https://openalex.org/W4413274234","https://openalex.org/W4414557140","https://openalex.org/W4414829618","https://openalex.org/W4415881889","https://openalex.org/W4416784133","https://openalex.org/W7117370950","https://openalex.org/W7117653263","https://openalex.org/W7125582287","https://openalex.org/W7125604475","https://openalex.org/W7125914276","https://openalex.org/W7126084649","https://openalex.org/W7128484536","https://openalex.org/W7128804444","https://openalex.org/W7128804826","https://openalex.org/W7131787972","https://openalex.org/W7135066815","https://openalex.org/W7135223906","https://openalex.org/W7150830355","https://openalex.org/W7154569065","https://openalex.org/W7157316553","https://openalex.org/W7158869282","https://openalex.org/W7160307612","https://openalex.org/W7160824883","https://openalex.org/W7161478715","https://openalex.org/W7161484114","https://openalex.org/W7163150641","https://openalex.org/W7163519862","https://openalex.org/W7165203501","https://openalex.org/W7166322045","https://openalex.org/W7166886030","https://openalex.org/W7167725558"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,85,104,142,163,194],"current":[1,65],"model":[2,90,106],"aims":[3],"to":[4,178,207],"simulate":[5],"the":[6,9,32,42,50,54,58,61,64,68,110,122,126,130,134,138,171,181,191,199,208,212,215],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,60,70,77,214],"Casson":[10,51,131],"fluid":[11,34,52],"with":[12],"slip":[13,153],"effects":[14],"and":[15,29,41,53,82,95,116,129,137,145,159],"a":[16,20,88,185],"heat":[17,71,195],"source":[18],"on":[19,121],"hemispherical":[21],"surface.":[22],"Trihybrid":[23],"nanofluid":[24,56,183,201,210],"contains":[25],"aluminum":[26],"oxide,":[27],"$$\\:SiC$$":[28],"$$\\:C{o}_{3}{O}_{4}$$":[30],"in":[31,211],"base":[33],"(ethylene":[35],"glycol).":[36],"activation":[38],"energy,":[39],"thermal":[40],"Lorentz":[43],"force":[44],"are":[45,119,161],"considered.":[46],"Taking":[47],"into":[48,98],"account":[49],"trihybrid":[55],"enhances":[57],"uniqueness":[59],"model.":[62],"Additionally,":[63],"study":[66,86],"explores":[67],"insights":[69],"transfer":[72,196],"efficiency,":[73],"agricultural":[74],"productivity,":[75],"cooling":[76],"electronic":[78],"equipment,":[79],"solar":[80],"collectors":[81],"climate":[83],"variation.":[84],"formulates":[87],"mathematical":[89],"using":[91,101],"partial":[92],"differential":[93],"equations":[94],"converts":[96],"it":[97],"dimensionless":[99],"form":[100],"suitable":[102],"variables.":[103],"resulting":[105],"is":[107,174,202],"simulated":[108],"by":[109,167,204],"finite":[111],"element":[112],"method.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"Taguchi":[115],"ANOVA":[117],"methods":[118],"used":[120],"Nusselt":[123],"number.":[124],"Increasing":[125],"magnetic":[127,216],"number":[128,132,155],"decreases":[133],"velocity":[135,143],"field":[136,144],"momentum":[139],"boundary-layer":[140],"thickness.":[141],"thickness":[146],"(momentum":[147],"boundary":[148],"layer)":[149],"have":[150],"decreased":[151],"when":[152,170],"flow":[154],"(":[156],"$$\\:{\\beta\\:}^{*}$$":[157],")":[158],"$$\\:{\\lambda\\:}_{T}$$":[160],"increased.":[162],"temperature":[164,188],"profile":[165,189],"increases":[166],"approximately":[168],"16%":[169],"radiation":[172],"parameter":[173],"increased":[175],"from":[176],"0.3":[177],"1.5,":[179],"while":[180],"tri-hybrid":[182,200],"experiences":[184],"20%":[186],"higher":[187],"than":[190],"hybrid":[192,209],"nanofluid.":[193],"rate":[197],"for":[198],"enhanced":[203],"28.63%":[205],"compared":[206],"case":[213],"field.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
