{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225816220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","title":"Gravity Probe B and the Geodetic Precession of an Orbiting Gyroscope as a Frame Test","display_name":"Gravity Probe B and the Geodetic Precession of an Orbiting Gyroscope as a Frame Test","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225816220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24134006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.6065999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81502235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104225","display_name":"Precession","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139974479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499964","display_name":"Gravimeter","level":3,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112918411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297564","display_name":"Tests of general relativity","level":4,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68989474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673166","display_name":"Gravity of Earth","level":3,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77461463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7827201","display_name":"Torsion (gastropod)","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57614664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27037480","display_name":"Torsion spring","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66896534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865449","display_name":"Minimum deviation","level":2,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37025601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20180599","display_name":"Nutation","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11577676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134237","display_name":"Square root","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777586563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995755","display_name":"Density contrast","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14257148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066","display_name":"Gravitational field","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5484521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286406","display_name":"Larmor precession","level":3,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34130140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645406","display_name":"Midpoint","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46668750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167025","display_name":"Polar motion","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127090403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1544012","display_name":"Gravitational potential","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86294171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18373","display_name":"Gravitational constant","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120934525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849149","display_name":"Absolute deviation","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24134006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24134007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24134006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24134006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"computes":[2],"the":[3,27,39,42,54,91,100,104,107,111,140,153,158,167,172,183],"geodetic":[4],"precession":[5],"rate":[6],"for":[7],"superconducting":[8],"gyroscopes":[9],"in":[10,78],"polar":[11],"Earth":[12],"orbit":[13],"aboard":[14],"Gravity":[15],"Probe":[16],"B":[17],"within":[18],"a":[19,66,115,121,146],"torsion-regulated":[20],"gravitational":[21],"frame":[22],"\u2014":[23,36],"Einstein-Cartan":[24],"gravity":[25],"with":[26,41,145,157],"density":[28,86,109,173],"bound":[29,112,170,185],"that":[30],"follows":[31],"from":[32,94,164,196],"its":[33],"spin-torsion":[34],"term":[35],"and":[37,87,120,199],"compares":[38],"result":[40],"best":[43],"published":[44,55,200],"measurement.":[45],"The":[46,128,192],"relativistic":[47],"prediction":[48],"is":[49,57,81,97,155,194,203],"6638":[50],"milliarcsec":[51,63,70,125],"per":[52,64,71,126,177,189],"year;":[53],"value":[56],"6602":[58],"plus":[59],"or":[60],"minus":[61],"18.3":[62],"year,":[65],"residual":[67],"of":[68,103,106,118,123,149,186],"-35.75":[69],"year":[72],"(-1.953":[73],"standard":[74,137],"deviations).":[75],"Because":[76],"torsion":[77],"this":[79,143],"framework":[80,141,159],"sourced":[82],"only":[83],"by":[84,99],"spin":[85],"does":[88],"not":[89,205],"propagate,":[90],"predicted":[92],"deviation":[93,117,133],"general":[95,165],"relativity":[96],"set":[98],"square":[101],"root":[102],"ratio":[105],"system":[108],"to":[110],"density,":[113],"giving":[114],"fractional":[116,132],"7.533e-28":[119],"correction":[122],"5e-24":[124],"year.":[127],"measurement":[129],"bounds":[130],"any":[131],"at":[134],"0.0109":[135],"(two":[136],"deviations),":[138],"so":[139],"passes":[142],"test":[144,154],"headroom":[147],"factor":[148],"1.447e+25.":[150],"Stated":[151],"plainly,":[152],"consistent":[156],"but":[160],"cannot":[161],"distinguish":[162],"it":[163,202],"relativity;":[166],"implied":[168],"lower":[169],"on":[171],"scale,":[174],"4.641e+07":[175],"kilograms":[176,188],"cubic":[178,190],"metre,":[179],"lies":[180],"far":[181],"below":[182],"framework's":[184],"9.718e+57":[187],"metre.":[191],"study":[193],"computed":[195],"stated":[197],"assumptions":[198],"data;":[201],"simulated,":[204],"measured.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
