{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225815751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","title":"SLAFlow: Profile-Guided SLA-Aware Runtime Orchestration for Multi-Stage Edge AI Services","display_name":"SLAFlow: Profile-Guided SLA-Aware Runtime Orchestration for Multi-Stage Edge AI Services","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225815751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15225233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109234652","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-701X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-701X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281273","display_name":"Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College","ror":"https://ror.org/044ah3x80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21945476","https://openalex.org/I4405281273"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, No. 1661 Shengxin North Road, Shanghai 201815, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-701X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, No. 1661 Shengxin North Road, Shanghai 201815, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161439681","display_name":"Shijing Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127199057","display_name":"Xiaozheng DU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozheng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161488922","display_name":"Nan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Analysis BU, GienTech Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Analysis BU, GienTech Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057821388","display_name":"\u5468\u5f64\u660e","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127199057","https://openalex.org/A5161488922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"22","first_page":"5233","last_page":"5233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.05860000103712082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.8371999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.814300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.6686999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5784000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779346075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268763","display_name":"Quality Score","level":3,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15225233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15225233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15225233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095488153","https://openalex.org/W3143747286","https://openalex.org/W3165292244","https://openalex.org/W4387095478","https://openalex.org/W4390885674","https://openalex.org/W4393904734","https://openalex.org/W4394922627","https://openalex.org/W4400433711","https://openalex.org/W4401211704","https://openalex.org/W4403421327","https://openalex.org/W4403421590","https://openalex.org/W4403442423","https://openalex.org/W4407895463","https://openalex.org/W4411471721","https://openalex.org/W4411486143","https://openalex.org/W4415480619","https://openalex.org/W4416037017","https://openalex.org/W7117649764"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-stage":[0],"edge":[1],"AI":[2],"services":[3],"must":[4],"balance":[5],"output":[6],"quality":[7,81],"against":[8],"the":[9,21,41,74,94],"latency":[10],"of":[11,45,83,107],"retrieval,":[12],"generation,":[13],"and":[14,31,39,43,73,91,150,167],"refinement.":[15],"SLAFlow":[16,77,101],"uses":[17],"profiles":[18],"measured":[19],"on":[20,55],"execution":[22],"platform":[23],"to":[24,109,112,120,139],"jointly":[25],"select":[26],"retrieval":[27],"depth,":[28],"generation-token":[29],"budget,":[30],"refinement":[32,47],"depth":[33],"under":[34,114],"a":[35,56,60,79],"request\u2019s":[36],"remaining":[37],"deadline":[38],"revisits":[40],"feasibility":[42],"benefit":[44],"optional":[46],"during":[48],"execution.":[49],"We":[50],"evaluate":[51],"an":[52],"ophthalmic":[53],"workflow":[54],"CPU-only":[57],"workstation":[58],"at":[59],"doctor\u2019s":[61],"desk,":[62],"combining":[63],"physical":[64,162],"measurements":[65],"with":[66,85,89],"trace-driven":[67],"policy":[68],"simulation.":[69,170],"Under":[70,122],"nominal":[71],"arrivals":[72],"tight":[75],"SLA,":[76],"achieves":[78],"deadline-weighted":[80],"(DWQ)":[82],"0.668":[84],"2.7%":[86],"violations,":[87],"compared":[88],"0.479":[90],"33.1%":[92],"for":[93],"queue-based":[95],"heuristic.":[96],"Across":[97],"four":[98],"evaluated":[99],"conditions,":[100],"has":[102],"observed":[103,126],"mean":[104],"DWQ":[105,127],"differences":[106],"+0.004":[108],"+0.022":[110],"relative":[111],"Token-Only;":[113],"Bursty/Tight,":[115,123],"violations":[116,135],"increase":[117,136],"from":[118,137],"9.0%":[119],"11.4%.":[121,140],"however,":[124],"its":[125],"gain":[128],"over":[129],"Static-Small":[130],"is":[131],"only":[132],"0.003,":[133],"while":[134],"1.5%":[138],"Independent":[141],"calibration":[142],"observes":[143],"seven":[144],"prediction":[145],"exceedances":[146],"in":[147,154],"180":[148],"records":[149],"three":[151],"false-feasible":[152],"decisions":[153],"160":[155],"predicted-feasible":[156],"cases.":[157],"Matched":[158],"queued":[159],"executions":[160],"have":[161],"p95":[163],"end-to-end":[164],"latencies":[165],"3.2%":[166],"4.4%":[168],"above":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}