{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225815723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023","title":"Preclinical Toxicology of a Succinic Acid Salt of a Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Derivative: Acute and Repeated-Dose Studies","display_name":"Preclinical Toxicology of a Succinic Acid Salt of a Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Derivative: Acute and Repeated-Dose Studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225815723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5620/eaht.2026023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215538","display_name":"Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology","issn_l":"2671-9525","issn":["2671-9525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320326","host_organization_name":"Korean Society of Environmental Helath and Toxicology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society of Environmental Helath and Toxicology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073237445","display_name":"Ivan S. Ivanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-7588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-7588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-7588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067686852","display_name":"Daria Kirillova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-1116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-1116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daria Kirillova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-1116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042735679","display_name":"N.V. Pyatigorskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-4625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-4625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17877952","display_name":"Sechenov University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yqqv993","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalia Pyatigorskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-4625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053856200","display_name":"G.E. Brkich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-9062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-9062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17877952","display_name":"Sechenov University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yqqv993","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galina Brkich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-9062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051921876","display_name":"\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-8493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-8493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Kedik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-8493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027198573","display_name":"\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-1721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-1721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Shatalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-1721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA - Russian Technological University , Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"e2026023","last_page":"e2026023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.028200000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6575000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116263406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299024","display_name":"Acute toxicity","level":3,"score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167552308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711849","display_name":"Median lethal dose","level":3,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777544843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21136","display_name":"Lethal dose","level":2,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780159080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400536","display_name":"Intraperitoneal injection","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776390293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035485","display_name":"Subcutaneous injection","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776093070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621636","display_name":"Route of administration","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213050","display_name":"Succinic acid","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778236407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041116","display_name":"Generally recognized as safe","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57992300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066956","display_name":"Potency","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79410662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Dose\u2013response relationship","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777495288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755926","display_name":"No-observed-adverse-effect level","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162156334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473420","display_name":"Dose","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420060","display_name":"Hydrochloride","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987276129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12140","display_name":"Drug administration","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777928079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2677027","display_name":"Rat\u00f3n","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5620/eaht.2026023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215538","display_name":"Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology","issn_l":"2671-9525","issn":["2671-9525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320326","host_organization_name":"Korean Society of Environmental Helath and Toxicology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society of Environmental Helath and Toxicology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,148],"growing":[1],"interest":[2],"in":[3,42,57,73,89,98,113,119,132,169,183,189],"ocular":[4,38,68,96,130],"antiseptics":[5],"is":[6],"driven":[7],"by":[8],"their":[9],"broad-spectrum":[10],"antimicrobial":[11,17],"activity":[12],"and":[13,59,67,79,94,116,134,171,186,214,220],"potential":[14],"to":[15,50,199,209],"mitigate":[16],"resistance.":[18],"In":[19],"a":[20,43,196],"previous":[21],"study,":[22],"systemic":[23],"effects":[24,163],"of":[25,33,55,62,110,139,212,223],"ophthalmic":[26],"drops":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29,164],"succinic":[30],"acid":[31],"derivative":[32],"polyhexamethylene":[34],"guanidine":[35],"(ss-PHMGd)":[36],"following":[37,122],"instillation":[39],"were":[40],"investigated":[41],"preclinical":[44],"model.":[45],"present":[47],"study":[48],"aimed":[49],"assess":[51],"the":[52,76,137,174,184,210],"acute":[53],"toxicity":[54,81,105],"ss-PHMGd":[56],"mice":[58,115,121,133],"outbred":[60],"rats":[61,74,90,170,191],"both":[63],"sexes":[64],"after":[65,129,192],"intragastric":[66,123],"administration,":[69],"its":[70,80],"cumulative":[71,156],"properties":[72],"using":[75],"Lim":[77],"method,":[78],"under":[82],"repeated":[83],"dosing":[84],"conditions,":[85],"including":[86],"intraperitoneal":[87,193],"administration":[88,131,194],"for":[91,101,145,217],"7":[92],"days":[93],"topical":[95],"application":[97],"Chinchilla":[99],"rabbits":[100,172],"30":[102],"days.":[103],"Acute":[104],"evaluation":[106,219],"showed":[107],"LD50":[108],"values":[109],"672.3":[111],"mg/kg":[112,118],"male":[114],"693.4":[117],"female":[120],"administration.":[124],"No":[125],"mortality":[126],"was":[127],"observed":[128],"rats,":[135],"precluding":[136],"determination":[138],"toxic":[140],"or":[141,167],"lethal":[142],"dose":[143,197],"levels":[144],"this":[146],"route.":[147],"cumulation":[149],"coefficient":[150],"(K":[151],"=":[152],"1.76)":[153],"indicated":[154],"no":[155,161],"properties.":[157],"Repeated-dose":[158],"studies":[159],"revealed":[160],"significant":[162],"general":[165],"condition":[166],"behavior":[168],"at":[173,195],"tested":[175],"doses.":[176],"However,":[177],"histopathological":[178],"examination":[179],"identified":[180],"pathological":[181],"changes":[182],"lungs":[185],"thyroid":[187],"gland":[188],"some":[190],"equivalent":[198],"10":[200],"therapeutical":[201],"doses":[202],"(TD)":[203],"(0.3":[204],"mg/kg).":[205],"These":[206],"findings":[207],"contribute":[208],"understanding":[211],"polyguanidines":[213],"are":[215],"relevant":[216],"toxicological":[218],"risk":[221],"assessment":[222],"ss-PHMGd.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}