{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225815596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","title":"A Green Alternative in Rubber Technology: Properties and Applications of Epoxidized Soybean Oil","display_name":"A Green Alternative in Rubber Technology: Properties and Applications of Epoxidized Soybean Oil","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225815596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18222816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114741609","display_name":"Julijana \u017deravica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-1473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-1473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julijana \u017deravica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-1473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074092188","display_name":"Olga M. Govedarica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-5577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-5577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Govedarica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-5577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066556950","display_name":"Mirjana C. Jovi\u010di\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-1812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-1812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirjana Jovi\u010di\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070644862","display_name":"Sonja Stojanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-5784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-5784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonja Stojanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-5784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018510938","display_name":"Dragan D. Govedarica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-3244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-3244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragan Govedarica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-3244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"22","first_page":"2816","last_page":"2816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.8187999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.8187999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13171","display_name":"Polymer Science and PVC","score":0.06939999759197235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10810","display_name":"Polymer composites and self-healing","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51179264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188631","display_name":"Vulcanization","level":3,"score":0.7164999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6348000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926892","display_name":"Soybean oil","level":2,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778662921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383825","display_name":"Epoxidized soybean oil","level":3,"score":0.5192000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44038986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245","display_name":"Carbon black","level":3,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64012178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898793","display_name":"Iodine value","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18222816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18222816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18222816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W821488082","https://openalex.org/W1997508787","https://openalex.org/W2032580595","https://openalex.org/W2036088579","https://openalex.org/W2038852412","https://openalex.org/W2084231566","https://openalex.org/W2091826435","https://openalex.org/W2129694122","https://openalex.org/W2132104217","https://openalex.org/W2323915133","https://openalex.org/W2499116351","https://openalex.org/W2584526303","https://openalex.org/W2943323654","https://openalex.org/W2952148798","https://openalex.org/W2979016420","https://openalex.org/W3009171431","https://openalex.org/W3021393961","https://openalex.org/W3038323343","https://openalex.org/W3120461210","https://openalex.org/W3128445075","https://openalex.org/W3148779925","https://openalex.org/W3151769907","https://openalex.org/W3174432914","https://openalex.org/W3189683271","https://openalex.org/W3214597962","https://openalex.org/W4248319608","https://openalex.org/W4248385833","https://openalex.org/W4304136612","https://openalex.org/W4317806578","https://openalex.org/W4389445712","https://openalex.org/W4390812684","https://openalex.org/W4402984295","https://openalex.org/W4412819659","https://openalex.org/W4412890061","https://openalex.org/W4415719316"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"epoxidized":[1,39],"and":[2,27,42,53,63,73,101,124,165,188,217,233],"conventional":[3,44],"vegetable":[4,45],"oils":[5,46,232],"are":[6],"increasingly":[7],"being":[8],"considered":[9],"as":[10,224,238],"sustainable":[11],"processing":[12],"aids":[13],"for":[14,92,200],"natural":[15],"rubber":[16],"(NR)":[17],"compounds,":[18],"the":[19,36,83,113,133,138,143,152,155,162,176,181,230],"relationships":[20,228],"between":[21],"their":[22],"physicochemical":[23],"characteristics,":[24,57],"vulcanization":[25],"behavior,":[26],"vulcanizate":[28],"performance":[29],"remain":[30],"insufficiently":[31],"understood.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"investigated":[35,134,231],"effects":[37],"of":[38,50,112,151,227,240],"soybean":[40],"oil":[41,48,173,189,208],"six":[43],"at":[47,97],"loadings":[49],"10,":[51],"20,":[52],"30":[54],"phr.":[55],"Physicochemical":[56],"mixing":[58,185],"power":[59,186],"consumption,":[60],"rheometric":[61,118],"parameters,":[62,120],"selected":[64,144],"mechanical":[65],"properties":[66],"were":[67,77,90,127,168],"evaluated.":[68],"Principal":[69],"component":[70],"analysis":[71,76,159],"(PCA)":[72],"Pearson":[74],"correlation":[75],"used":[78],"to":[79,207,250],"examine":[80],"associations":[81],"within":[82,229],"dataset,":[84],"while":[85],"artificial":[86],"neural":[87],"network":[88],"models":[89,146],"developed":[91],"tensile":[93],"strength":[94],"(TS),":[95],"stress":[96],"300%":[98],"elongation":[99],"(M300),":[100],"maximum":[102],"torque":[103,119],"(Mmax).":[104],"The":[105,214],"first":[106],"three":[107,202],"principal":[108],"components":[109],"explained":[110],"89.74%":[111],"total":[114],"variance.":[115],"Oil":[116],"loading,":[117,174],"viscosity,":[121],"surface":[122],"tension,":[123],"iodine":[125],"number":[126],"strongly":[128,170],"associated":[129],"with":[130],"variation":[131,153],"in":[132,154],"compound":[135],"properties.":[136],"Within":[137],"original":[139],"random":[140],"data":[141],"split,":[142],"ANN":[145,218],"reproduced":[147],"a":[148],"substantial":[149],"proportion":[150],"modeled":[156],"responses.":[157],"Sensitivity":[158],"indicated":[160],"that":[161],"calculated":[163,177],"M300":[164],"Mmax":[166],"responses":[167],"most":[169],"dependent":[171],"on":[172,184],"whereas":[175],"TS":[178],"response":[179],"showed":[180],"greatest":[182],"dependence":[183],"consumption":[187],"loading.":[190],"However,":[191],"leave-one-oil-out":[192],"grouped":[193],"validation":[194],"yielded":[195],"negative":[196],"pooled":[197],"R2":[198],"values":[199],"all":[201],"responses,":[203],"indicating":[204],"limited":[205],"generalization":[206],"types":[209],"excluded":[210],"from":[211],"model":[212],"development.":[213],"PCA,":[215],"correlation,":[216],"results":[219],"should":[220],"therefore":[221],"be":[222],"interpreted":[223],"exploratory":[225],"descriptions":[226],"loading":[234],"range":[235],"rather":[236],"than":[237],"evidence":[239],"causal":[241],"mechanisms,":[242],"externally":[243],"validated":[244],"predictive":[245],"performance,":[246],"or":[247],"demonstrated":[248],"applicability":[249],"formulation":[251],"optimization.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}