{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225814925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","title":"Frozen-in tetrad field strengths in general relativity: characterization, existence, and tetrad dependence","display_name":"Frozen-in tetrad field strengths in general relativity: characterization, existence, and tetrad dependence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225814925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24129853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068168437","display_name":"Francisco R. Villatoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-6213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-6213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Villatoro, Francisco R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de M\u00e1laga"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-6213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068168437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13080","display_name":"Advanced Differential Geometry Research","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147727578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7706297","display_name":"Tetrad","level":2,"score":0.8914999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6922000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165818556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213488","display_name":"Geodesic","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79464548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464794","display_name":"Minkowski space","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42519931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200279","display_name":"Killing vector field","level":2,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14257148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066","display_name":"Gravitational field","level":2,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185277778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966119","display_name":"Stationary spacetime","level":5,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147457402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588205","display_name":"Conservative vector field","level":3,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132074034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154210","display_name":"Congruence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63493438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533988","display_name":"Geodesics in general relativity","level":3,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5667645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217255","display_name":"Lorentz transformation","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9136319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362640","display_name":"Covariant transformation","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136125196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742969","display_name":"Schwarzschild metric","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166861157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59151","display_name":"Cosmological constant","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520416788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419229","display_name":"Exact solutions in general relativity","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70669116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2537157","display_name":"Mathematics of general relativity","level":4,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110521144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193460","display_name":"Scalar field","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273711","display_name":"Einstein field equations","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181104567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761383","display_name":"Riemannian geometry","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65305961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572737","display_name":"Spacetime symmetries","level":5,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120484201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246697","display_name":"Quantum field theory in curved spacetime","level":4,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9973445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8349849","display_name":"Congruence relation","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51493423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2486351","display_name":"Superluminal motion","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71993908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093427","display_name":"Lorentz covariance","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24129853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24129854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24129853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24129853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"exterior":[1],"derivatives":[2],"of":[3,6,56,84,101,119,134,141,147,196],"the":[4,44,47,65,68,88,97,102,106,112,116,125,142,148,176,185,188,192,197,205,208],"one-forms":[5,58,60],"an":[7,26,41,167],"orthonormal":[8],"tetrad":[9,45,73],"have":[10],"recently":[11],"been":[12],"proposed":[13],"as":[14,40,75],"gravitational":[15],"field":[16,70,83],"strengths":[17],"that":[18,61,151],"are":[19,62,152,158],"frozen":[20],"into":[21],"a":[22,54,81,181],"timelike":[23],"congruence":[24],"when":[25],"ideal":[27,168],"Ohm-type":[28],"condition":[29,39],"holds,":[30],"with":[31,204],"conserved":[32],"fluxes":[33,186],"and":[34,46,59,87,105,129,145,170,179,187,207],"helicity.":[35],"We":[36],"study":[37],"this":[38],"equation":[42],"for":[43,76,160],"congruence.":[48,66],"Its":[49],"general":[50],"local":[51,201],"solution":[52,91],"is":[53,80,92,109,191],"sum":[55],"exact":[57,173],"constant":[63,72,85],"along":[64],"If":[67],"transport":[69],"has":[71],"components,":[74],"adapted":[77],"tetrads,":[78],"it":[79],"Killing":[82,156],"norm":[86],"only":[89],"vacuum":[90,136],"flat.":[93],"For":[94],"geodesic":[95,132],"congruences":[96,133],"third":[98],"Lie":[99],"derivative":[100],"metric":[103],"vanishes":[104],"tidal":[107],"tensor":[108],"constrained":[110],"by":[111],"kinematics,":[113],"which":[114,190],"excludes":[115],"comoving":[117],"observers":[118,209],"expanding":[120],"Friedmann-Lema\u00eetre-Robertson-Walker":[121],"universes":[122],"other":[123],"than":[124],"flat":[126],"Milne":[127],"universe":[128],"all":[130,161],"irrotational":[131],"curved":[135],"spacetimes.":[137],"Spherically":[138],"symmetric":[139],"tetrads":[140,146],"Schwarzschild":[143],"spacetime":[144,150,178,206],"Kerr":[149],"invariant":[153],"under":[154,200],"its":[155],"flows":[157],"excluded":[159],"observers.":[162],"Nevertheless,":[163],"every":[164],"pp-wave":[165],"admits":[166],"tetrad,":[169,198],"we":[171],"give":[172],"examples":[174],"in":[175,180],"Levi-Civita":[177],"cosmological":[182],"model.":[183],"Finally,":[184],"helicity,":[189],"translational":[193],"Chern-Simons":[194],"form":[195],"change":[199],"Lorentz":[202],"transformations":[203],"fixed.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
