{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225814611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","title":"Calibration Identifiability and Conditional Design Choices for a Dual-FBG Displacement Sensor","display_name":"Calibration Identifiability and Conditional Design Choices for a Dual-FBG Displacement Sensor","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225814611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan15060090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107494896","display_name":"Bazarbay Aidana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-0060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-0060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidana Bazarbay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-0060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107630726","display_name":"Rashida Kadyrova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5120-6932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5120-6932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258609","display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/00z7xz780","country_code":"KZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258609"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashida Kadyrova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity and Information Technologies, Almaty Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Makan Yesbulatov, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity and Information Technologies, Almaty Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Makan Yesbulatov, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159045086","display_name":"Gulzada Mussapirova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930291","display_name":"Mukhametzhan Tynyshbayev ALT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hasps36","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930291"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulzada Mussapirova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications, School of Technology, ALT University named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, School of Technology, ALT University named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108130683","display_name":"Gulzada Yerkeldessova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-7180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-7180"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gulzada Yerkeldessova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology and Telecommunications, International University of Transport and Humanities, Zhetisu-1 Microdistrict, 32a, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-7180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology and Telecommunications, International University of Transport and Humanities, Zhetisu-1 Microdistrict, 32a, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017086000","display_name":"Gulnar Mamatova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143508","display_name":"International Information Technologies University","ror":"https://ror.org/042dtza69","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gulnar Mamatova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, International Information Technologies University (IITU), 34/1 Manas Street, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, International Information Technologies University (IITU), 34/1 Manas Street, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046374371","display_name":"Akezhan Sabibolda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-7940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-7940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akezhan Sabibolda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-7940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059753583","display_name":"\u041d\u0443\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442 \u0421\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-2390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-2390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurzhigit Smailov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-2390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161484184","display_name":"Ardak Yeleuova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardak Yeleuova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technical Disciplines, Kazakhstan University of Innovative and Telecommunication Systems, 81 M. Mametova Street, Uralsk 090006, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technical Disciplines, Kazakhstan University of Innovative and Telecommunication Systems, 81 M. Mametova Street, Uralsk 090006, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017086000","https://openalex.org/A5059753583","https://openalex.org/A5108130683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683","https://openalex.org/I4210143508"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2413},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2413},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"90","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122770356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1656753","display_name":"Identifiability","level":2,"score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179690561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4316110","display_name":"Underdetermined system","level":2,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43210895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447583","display_name":"Laser tracker","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23379248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200904","display_name":"Epipolar geometry","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan15060090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan15060090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan15060090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131230954","https://openalex.org/W2166364496","https://openalex.org/W2168648059","https://openalex.org/W2910885225","https://openalex.org/W3034090360","https://openalex.org/W3138365085","https://openalex.org/W4205978934","https://openalex.org/W4224274885","https://openalex.org/W4225706450","https://openalex.org/W4291449443","https://openalex.org/W4309476297","https://openalex.org/W4319037070","https://openalex.org/W4320523550","https://openalex.org/W4321254285","https://openalex.org/W4379057717","https://openalex.org/W4386758104","https://openalex.org/W4386895872","https://openalex.org/W4387811011","https://openalex.org/W4391616676","https://openalex.org/W4392595224","https://openalex.org/W4399534208","https://openalex.org/W4400411407","https://openalex.org/W4405730286","https://openalex.org/W4407615445","https://openalex.org/W4408916908","https://openalex.org/W4409167342","https://openalex.org/W4411329965","https://openalex.org/W7127596927","https://openalex.org/W7168992715","https://openalex.org/W7204244761"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"computational":[1],"study":[2],"examines":[3],"whether":[4],"a":[5,14,19,104,130,170],"published":[6,126],"optical":[7,127],"calibration":[8,100],"identifies":[9,38],"mechanical":[10,175],"parameters":[11],"and":[12,44,71,79,86,146,159,176],"supports":[13],"unique":[15],"design":[16,177],"recommendation":[17],"for":[18,55,190],"dual":[20],"fiber":[21],"Bragg":[22],"grating":[23],"(FBG)":[24],"cantilever\u2013spring":[25],"displacement":[26],"sensor.":[27],"Within":[28],"the":[29,34,39,99,108,182],"adopted":[30,183],"series":[31],"compliance":[32],"model,":[33],"39.47":[35],"pm/mm":[36],"sensitivity":[37],"product":[40],"of":[41,77,138,173],"strain":[42],"transfer":[43],"equivalent":[45],"stiffness.":[46],"The":[47,167],"same":[48],"anchor":[49],"admits":[50],"K":[51],"=":[52,57,69],"71.969\u201391.228":[53],"N/m":[54],"\u03b7":[56,68],"0.80\u20131.00.":[58],"A":[59],"counterexample":[60],"extracted":[61],"from":[62],"archived":[63],"nonlinear":[64],"results":[65],"shows":[66],"that":[67],"0.9500":[70],"0.9595,":[72],"with":[73],"compatible":[74],"reference":[75],"stiffnesses":[76],"75.979":[78],"75.183":[80],"N/m,":[81],"retain":[82],"only":[83],"Selected":[84,87,115],"2":[85],"3,":[88],"respectively,":[89],"across":[90],"four":[91],"declared":[92],"tip":[93],"geometries":[94],"under":[95],"unchanged":[96],"constraints.":[97],"Thus,":[98],"does":[101],"not":[102],"identify":[103],"robust":[105],"choice":[106],"among":[107],"five":[109],"retained":[110],"candidates":[111],"within":[112],"this":[113],"family.":[114],"2\u2019s":[116],"nominal":[117],"43.07%":[118],"nonlinearity":[119],"reduction":[120],"costs":[121],"23.54%":[122],"more":[123],"force.":[124],"Retrospective":[125],"cycles":[128],"give":[129],"fixed":[131],"zero":[132],"root":[133],"mean":[134],"square":[135],"error":[136],"(RMSE)":[137],"153.6":[139],"pm":[140],"on":[141],"37":[142],"recovered":[143],"markers;":[144],"coordinate":[145],"ruler":[147],"uncertainty":[148],"preclude":[149],"hardware":[150,192],"accuracy":[151],"claims.":[152,193],"Existing":[153],"finite":[154],"element,":[155],"uncertainty,":[156],"thermal,":[157],"bonding":[158],"wavelength":[160],"allocation":[161],"analyses":[162],"provide":[163],"supporting":[164],"conditional":[165],"assessments.":[166],"contribution":[168],"is":[169],"sensor-specific":[171],"demonstration":[172],"which":[174],"conclusions":[178],"remain":[179],"underdetermined":[180],"by":[181],"calibration.":[184],"Independent":[185],"physical":[186],"validation":[187],"remains":[188],"necessary":[189],"predictive":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}