{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225814410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","title":"Targeted Protein and RNA Degradation as an Emerging Strategy in Antiviral Drug Discovery","display_name":"Targeted Protein and RNA Degradation as an Emerging Strategy in Antiviral Drug Discovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225814410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ddc5040057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281899","display_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","issn_l":"2813-2998","issn":["2813-2998"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018023844","display_name":"Malaika D. Argade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-1598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-1598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malaika D. Argade","raw_affiliation_strings":["UICentre: Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-1598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UICentre: Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018023844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"57","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12534","display_name":"Protein Degradation and Inhibitors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12534","display_name":"Protein Degradation and Inhibitors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11041","display_name":"Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992195973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33123","display_name":"Protein degradation","level":2,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780430158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685902","display_name":"Target protein","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiviral drug","level":3,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166703698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201993","display_name":"RNA interference","level":4,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33123","display_name":"Proteolysis","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780879997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952587","display_name":"Viral protein","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97029542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281417","display_name":"Protein kinase A","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10679952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308937","display_name":"Druggability","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203522944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322","display_name":"Autophagy","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126511603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261145","display_name":"Targeted drug delivery","level":3,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11804247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896177","display_name":"Protein\u2013protein interaction","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ddc5040057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281899","display_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","issn_l":"2813-2998","issn":["2813-2998"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ddc5040057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc5040057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281899","display_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","issn_l":"2813-2998","issn":["2813-2998"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drugs and Drug Candidates","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030689174","https://openalex.org/W2058873386","https://openalex.org/W2077915242","https://openalex.org/W2102847125","https://openalex.org/W2322059324","https://openalex.org/W2606218024","https://openalex.org/W2757983152","https://openalex.org/W2809414417","https://openalex.org/W2893792887","https://openalex.org/W2928048394","https://openalex.org/W2966441858","https://openalex.org/W3006259301","https://openalex.org/W3013296766","https://openalex.org/W3016362891","https://openalex.org/W3035130407","https://openalex.org/W3043624656","https://openalex.org/W3083815350","https://openalex.org/W3091134219","https://openalex.org/W3093395956","https://openalex.org/W3108929519","https://openalex.org/W3139099049","https://openalex.org/W3156335568","https://openalex.org/W3175506526","https://openalex.org/W3186572052","https://openalex.org/W3197910032","https://openalex.org/W3215940941","https://openalex.org/W4205379795","https://openalex.org/W4220769550","https://openalex.org/W4224227858","https://openalex.org/W4225687325","https://openalex.org/W4248107770","https://openalex.org/W4280605932","https://openalex.org/W4280634728","https://openalex.org/W4282935215","https://openalex.org/W4283799933","https://openalex.org/W4296699347","https://openalex.org/W4297324768","https://openalex.org/W4312194954","https://openalex.org/W4318478961","https://openalex.org/W4318542753","https://openalex.org/W4318815183","https://openalex.org/W4360616213","https://openalex.org/W4361023794","https://openalex.org/W4367055770","https://openalex.org/W4379387681","https://openalex.org/W4385319434","https://openalex.org/W4385478459","https://openalex.org/W4385563830","https://openalex.org/W4389473199","https://openalex.org/W4389937550","https://openalex.org/W4390707449","https://openalex.org/W4391559766","https://openalex.org/W4392301222","https://openalex.org/W4392950895","https://openalex.org/W4394770600","https://openalex.org/W4398222997","https://openalex.org/W4399810428","https://openalex.org/W4400021208","https://openalex.org/W4400444639","https://openalex.org/W4400571202","https://openalex.org/W4401594888","https://openalex.org/W4403931461","https://openalex.org/W4405475213","https://openalex.org/W4406116499","https://openalex.org/W4406312460","https://openalex.org/W4406434062","https://openalex.org/W4407338078","https://openalex.org/W4408107950","https://openalex.org/W4409620287","https://openalex.org/W4409737969","https://openalex.org/W4409783457","https://openalex.org/W4409833765","https://openalex.org/W4413283745","https://openalex.org/W4413682546","https://openalex.org/W4414392784","https://openalex.org/W4414641899","https://openalex.org/W4414809981","https://openalex.org/W4415809850","https://openalex.org/W4415833645","https://openalex.org/W4415902559","https://openalex.org/W4417013602","https://openalex.org/W7122840186","https://openalex.org/W7151944966","https://openalex.org/W7165848623"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"protein":[1,35,68,89,180],"degraders":[2,149,181],"such":[3],"as":[4,12],"Proteolysis":[5],"Targeting":[6],"Chimeras":[7],"(PROTACs)":[8],"are":[9,28,154],"gaining":[10],"traction":[11],"valuable":[13],"alternatives":[14],"to":[15,33,44,104,137,171,182],"traditional":[16,63],"small-molecule":[17,82],"inhibitors":[18,83],"of":[19,36,49,96,147,163,179,195],"various":[20],"proteins,":[21],"especially":[22],"kinases":[23],"implicated":[24],"in":[25,56,84,160],"cancers.":[26],"PROTACs":[27,58,76],"heterobifunctional":[29],"ligands":[30],"that":[31],"bind":[32],"the":[34,40,46,50,60,116,141,161,174,183,188],"interest":[37],"while":[38],"recruiting":[39],"cellular":[41],"ubiquitin-proteasomal":[42],"system":[43],"induce":[45],"selective":[47],"degradation":[48,69],"bound":[51],"protein.":[52],"By":[53],"being":[54],"catalytic":[55],"nature,":[57],"shift":[59],"focus":[61],"from":[62],"occupancy-driven":[64],"inhibition,":[65],"thereby":[66],"achieving":[67,125],"at":[70],"lower":[71],"and":[72,87,98,144,177],"safer":[73],"doses.":[74],"Additionally,":[75],"have":[77,108],"also":[78],"found":[79],"success":[80],"over":[81],"targeting":[85],"drug-resistant":[86],"undruggable":[88],"targets.":[90],"While":[91,167],"initially":[92],"developed":[93],"for":[94,190],"proteins":[95,132,135,151],"oncological":[97],"immunological":[99],"interest,":[100],"recent":[101,145],"advances,":[102],"albeit":[103],"a":[105,191],"lesser":[106],"extent,":[107],"expanded":[109],"Targeted":[110],"Protein":[111],"Degradation":[112],"(TPD)":[113],"technology":[114],"into":[115],"antiviral":[117,126,164,184,196],"research":[118,121],"space.":[119],"Generally,":[120],"has":[122],"focused":[123],"on":[124],"effect":[127],"by":[128],"degrading":[129],"either":[130],"viral":[131],"or":[133,152],"host":[134],"essential":[136],"virus":[138],"survival.":[139],"Herein,":[140],"general":[142],"principles":[143],"advances":[146],"small-molecule-based":[148],"(for":[150],"RNA)":[153],"summarized":[155],"along":[156],"with":[157],"their":[158],"applications":[159],"field":[162,185],"drug":[165],"discovery.":[166],"several":[168],"limitations":[169],"need":[170],"be":[172],"addressed,":[173],"remarkable":[175],"progress":[176],"expansion":[178],"is":[186],"paving":[187],"way":[189],"promising":[192],"new":[193],"modality":[194],"therapy.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}