{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225814078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","title":"Survey instruments beyond the German race taboo? A new open-ended approach to identifications with ethnic-racial labels","display_name":"Survey instruments beyond the German race taboo? A new open-ended approach to identifications with ethnic-racial labels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225814078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596068225","display_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","issn_l":"2297-7775","issn":["2297-7775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133362279","display_name":"Jonas K\u00f6hler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153076","display_name":"German Center for Integration and Migration Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ym65z81","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160619","https://openalex.org/I4387153076"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas K\u00f6hler","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133362279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153076"],"apc_list":{"value":1175,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"apc_paid":{"value":1175,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.45170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.45170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.16779999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.14499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.5375999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55786151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951437","display_name":"Level of measurement","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148298330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784754","display_name":"Correspondence analysis","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596068225","display_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","issn_l":"2297-7775","issn":["2297-7775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2026.1660372/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596068225","display_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","issn_l":"2297-7775","issn":["2297-7775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225814078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225814078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498431798","https://openalex.org/W1924289549","https://openalex.org/W1945831138","https://openalex.org/W1963817527","https://openalex.org/W1969579869","https://openalex.org/W1974653368","https://openalex.org/W1981595419","https://openalex.org/W2007065739","https://openalex.org/W2011222825","https://openalex.org/W2038156033","https://openalex.org/W2049576919","https://openalex.org/W2055571836","https://openalex.org/W2074500524","https://openalex.org/W2092596070","https://openalex.org/W2092795476","https://openalex.org/W2098486530","https://openalex.org/W2119721601","https://openalex.org/W2132406025","https://openalex.org/W2137925630","https://openalex.org/W2181516326","https://openalex.org/W2188401107","https://openalex.org/W2317158840","https://openalex.org/W2322025958","https://openalex.org/W2394504215","https://openalex.org/W2497694454","https://openalex.org/W2583432603","https://openalex.org/W2784087166","https://openalex.org/W2804154493","https://openalex.org/W2887608956","https://openalex.org/W2889193630","https://openalex.org/W2916266226","https://openalex.org/W2922090855","https://openalex.org/W2940868575","https://openalex.org/W2961114960","https://openalex.org/W2996127678","https://openalex.org/W2997920334","https://openalex.org/W3013187266","https://openalex.org/W3081056444","https://openalex.org/W3126552231","https://openalex.org/W3130421489","https://openalex.org/W3166925090","https://openalex.org/W3181184154","https://openalex.org/W4243971884","https://openalex.org/W4247036492","https://openalex.org/W4282930102","https://openalex.org/W4294869187","https://openalex.org/W4306760819","https://openalex.org/W4313135231","https://openalex.org/W4319011391","https://openalex.org/W4387906785","https://openalex.org/W4391714583","https://openalex.org/W4391755242","https://openalex.org/W4392004243","https://openalex.org/W4393094521","https://openalex.org/W4399011166","https://openalex.org/W4399564260","https://openalex.org/W4402648975","https://openalex.org/W4403249015","https://openalex.org/W4403400285","https://openalex.org/W4404757196","https://openalex.org/W4405500281","https://openalex.org/W4406483135","https://openalex.org/W4410999247","https://openalex.org/W4411193905","https://openalex.org/W4412583514","https://openalex.org/W4413183797","https://openalex.org/W4414794218","https://openalex.org/W7164997419"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantitative":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,43,124,150],"ethnic-racial":[3,12,29,57,86,154,168,193,250],"identities":[4,194],"in":[5,19,73,88,117,134,159],"Germany":[6,135],"faces":[7],"a":[8,44,105,127,185],"fundamental":[9],"challenge:":[10],"while":[11,269],"terminology":[13,27,120],"is":[14],"increasingly":[15],"established":[16,96],"and":[17,22,59,99,102,121,172,218,252,263,266,277,287],"debated":[18],"academic,":[20],"activist,":[21],"political":[23,278],"contexts,":[24],"no":[25],"shared":[26],"for":[28,275],"labels":[30,58,87,251,255],"can":[31],"be":[32],"assumed":[33],"among":[34,260,264],"the":[35,54,140,151,179,210,222,228,238,243,284,288],"general":[36,131],"population.":[37],"Most":[38],"existing":[39],"survey":[40,97,108,133,298],"instruments":[41,98],"rely":[42],"limited":[45],"set":[46],"of":[47,56,153,178,188,237,242,290],"predefined":[48],"answer":[49],"options,":[50],"which":[51],"risk":[52],"narrowing":[53],"understanding":[55],"imposing":[60],"categories":[61],"that":[62,110,183],"may":[63],"not":[64],"resonate":[65],"with":[66,85,174,224,246],"participants.":[67],"This":[68,280],"article":[69],"addresses":[70],"this":[71,92,147],"gap":[72],"three":[74],"steps:":[75],"it":[76],"(1)":[77],"defines":[78],"an":[79,296],"analytical":[80,285],"framework":[81,93],"to":[82,94,113,191,214],"analyze":[83],"identifications":[84,173],"surveys,":[89],"(2)":[90],"applies":[91],"seven":[95],"(3)":[100],"introduces":[101],"empirically":[103],"examines":[104],"new":[106],"open-ended":[107,141,297],"instrument":[109],"allows":[111],"participants":[112,262],"describe":[114],"their":[115,118],"identification":[116],"own":[119],"syntax.":[122],"Drawing":[123],"data":[125],"from":[126],"large,":[128],"randomly":[129],"sampled":[130],"population":[132],"(DeZIM.panel,":[136],"N":[137],"=":[138],"3,700),":[139],"responses":[142,156,189,239,293],"were":[143,157,206,256,273],"systematically":[144],"categorized":[145],"within":[146],"framework.":[148],"Building":[149],"concept":[152],"labels,":[155,169],"analyzed":[158],"six":[160],"dimensions:":[161],"nation":[162,215],"states,":[163],"regions,":[164],"migration":[165,199],"status,":[166],"explicit":[167,192],"other":[170,247],"aspects,":[171],"multiple":[175,254],"labels.":[176,248],"One":[177],"main":[180],"findings":[181],"shows":[182],"only":[184,270],"small":[186],"fraction":[187],"referred":[190],"(4%,":[195],"excluding":[196],"\u201cEuropean\u201d)":[197],"or":[198],"status":[200],"(3%),":[201],"even":[202],"though":[203],"these":[204],"dimensions":[205],"explicitly":[207],"primed":[208],"by":[209,295],"instrument.":[211,299],"Instead,":[212],"references":[213],"states":[216],"(64%)":[217],"regions":[219],"(14%)":[220],"dominated":[221],"responses,":[223],"\u201cGerman\u201d":[225,245],"emerging":[226],"as":[227],"single":[229],"most":[230],"frequent":[231],"label":[232,244],"(61%).":[233],"In":[234],"addition,":[235],"7%":[236],"contained":[240],"combinations":[241],"Explicit":[249],"German":[253],"significantly":[257],"more":[258],"common":[259],"younger":[261],"first-":[265],"second-generation":[267],"individuals,":[268],"weak":[271],"effects":[272],"found":[274],"education":[276],"engagement.":[279],"study":[281],"demonstrates":[282],"both":[283],"potential":[286],"challenges":[289],"deductively":[291],"categorizing":[292],"generated":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}