{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225813620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","title":"The Waxman-Bahcall Bound With Computed Source Evolution, Compared With the Measured Diffuse Flux","display_name":"The Waxman-Bahcall Bound With Computed Source Evolution, Compared With the Measured Diffuse Flux","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225813620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10921","display_name":"Neutrino Physics Research","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174084160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908049","display_name":"Bound state","level":2,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186453547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126","display_name":"Neutrino","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776249927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437700","display_name":"Form factor (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144386022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332997","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","level":5,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992688727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845533","display_name":"Frequency factor","level":3,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106553664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156744","display_name":"Time evolution","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77993745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072364","display_name":"Shape factor","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125,149],"Waxman-Bahcall":[1],"bound":[2,23,63,102,118],"converts":[3],"the":[4,15,22,25,43,52,60,75,82,95,101,111,117,123,129,143],"energy":[5],"budget":[6],"of":[7,49,79,115],"ultra-high-energy":[8],"cosmic":[9],"rays":[10],"into":[11],"a":[12,37,71,89,141],"ceiling":[13],"on":[14,128,134],"diffuse":[16],"neutrino":[17],"flux.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"recomputes":[21],"with":[24],"source-evolution":[26],"factor":[27,48,72,97,114,137],"evaluated":[28],"as":[29,36,88],"an":[30,46],"explicit":[31],"integral":[32,44,144],"rather":[33],"than":[34],"inserted":[35],"canonical":[38,53,112],"constant.":[39],"For":[40],"star-formation-like":[41],"evolution":[42,47,96,113,136],"gives":[45],"9.71,":[50],"against":[51],"value":[54],"near":[55],"3":[56,116],"often":[57],"quoted,":[58],"and":[59,100],"corresponding":[61],"per-flavour":[62],"is":[64,138,151],"3.569e-08":[65],"in":[66],"E-squared":[67],"flux":[68],"units":[69],"\u2014":[70,140],"1.43":[73],"above":[74],"measured":[76],"contained-event":[77],"level":[78],"2.500e-08.":[80],"Truncating":[81],"source":[83],"history":[84,92],"at":[85],"redshift":[86],"8,":[87],"bounced":[90],"thermal":[91],"would,":[93],"lowers":[94],"to":[98,108,120,147],"9.2":[99],"by":[103],"only":[104],"5.18":[105],"per":[106],"cent,":[107],"3.384e-08.":[109],"With":[110],"evaluates":[119],"1.103e-08,":[121],"below":[122],"measurement.":[124],"bound's":[126],"verdict":[127],"data":[130],"therefore":[131],"depends":[132],"entirely":[133],"which":[135],"defended":[139],"dependence":[142],"makes":[145],"impossible":[146],"hide.":[148],"study":[150],"computed":[152],"from":[153],"stated":[154],"assumptions,":[155],"not":[156],"measured.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
