{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225813221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","title":"Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of School Heads\u2019 Transformational Leadership Practices and Perceived Organizational Performance in Public Elementary Schools: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study in District I, Schools Division of Kidapawan City","display_name":"Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of School Heads\u2019 Transformational Leadership Practices and Perceived Organizational Performance in Public Elementary Schools: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study in District I, Schools Division of Kidapawan City","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225813221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407122178","display_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","issn_l":"3155-783X","issn":["3155-783X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161420778","display_name":"Aileen H. Siawan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aileen H. Siawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115787908","display_name":"Life Gabriel Osumo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Life Gabriel F. Osumo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161313820","display_name":"Eduardo M. Tejeros III","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo M. Tejeros III","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161474747","display_name":"Stephanie B. Mesa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie B. Mesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161448473","display_name":"Marissa A. Diaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marissa A. Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161433786","display_name":"Maricyl D. Lapiz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maricyl D. Lapiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161455251","display_name":"Marycris G. Calawen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marycris G. Calawen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161445834","display_name":"Analea S. Roflo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Analea S. Roflo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161444261","display_name":"Leny C. Bose","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leny C. Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School Education, Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Leadership, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094285766","display_name":"Jaymie A. Rellon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123358","display_name":"Central Mindanao Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/02t5vjx28","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaymie A. Rellon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty, Graduate School Education, Central Mindanao Colleges, Kidapawan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"227","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6121000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111366508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341291","display_name":"Educational leadership","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185654502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831922","display_name":"Organisation climate","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7225491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697537","display_name":"Leadership studies","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339345","display_name":"Instructional leadership","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88251983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489549","display_name":"Shared leadership","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108363010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102014","display_name":"Organizational effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407122178","display_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","issn_l":"3155-783X","issn":["3155-783X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65339/wjsam.v1.i2.21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407122178","display_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","issn_l":"3155-783X","issn":["3155-783X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Sustainable Advances in Multidisciplinarity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894085458","https://openalex.org/W2144100620","https://openalex.org/W3009776929","https://openalex.org/W3010987518","https://openalex.org/W3043667803","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3111817428","https://openalex.org/W4210563972","https://openalex.org/W4214842612","https://openalex.org/W4296712925","https://openalex.org/W4311678042","https://openalex.org/W4313250643","https://openalex.org/W4313252167","https://openalex.org/W4378803364","https://openalex.org/W4378901691","https://openalex.org/W4391558715","https://openalex.org/W4392563508","https://openalex.org/W4396587379","https://openalex.org/W4403192624","https://openalex.org/W4403922983","https://openalex.org/W4404546899","https://openalex.org/W4405025780","https://openalex.org/W4405747453","https://openalex.org/W4406470034","https://openalex.org/W4406778630","https://openalex.org/W7223356746"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,209],"examined":[2],"the":[3,208],"relationship":[4,89],"between":[5,163],"school":[6,111,193,221],"heads\u2019":[7],"transformational":[8,73,164],"leadership":[9,51,74,98,165],"and":[10,53,65,78,110,138,148,166,182,191,199,219],"perceived":[11,103,167],"organizational":[12,55,79,168,172],"performance":[13,56,80,104],"in":[14,18],"public":[15],"elementary":[16],"schools":[17,38],"District":[19],"I,":[20],"Schools":[21],"Division":[22],"of":[23,33],"Kidapawan":[24],"City.":[25],"An":[26],"explanatory":[27],"sequential":[28],"mixed-methods":[29],"design":[30],"combined":[31],"surveys":[32],"150":[34],"teachers":[35],"across":[36],"five":[37],"with":[39,97,102,154,205],"semi-structured":[40],"interviews":[41],"involving":[42],"18":[43],"purposively":[44],"selected":[45],"participants.":[46],"Researcher-developed":[47],"questionnaires":[48],"assessed":[49],"seven":[50],"behaviors":[52],"four":[54],"domains.":[57],"Descriptive":[58],"statistics,":[59],"Pearson":[60],"correlation,":[61],"linear":[62],"mixed":[63],"modeling,":[64],"thematic":[66],"analysis":[67],"guided":[68],"data":[69],"interpretation.":[70],"Teachers":[71],"rated":[72],"(M":[75,81],"=":[76,82,92,114,126],"4.618)":[77],"4.635)":[83],"very":[84],"highly.":[85],"A":[86],"strong":[87],"positive":[88],"emerged":[90],"(r":[91],".841,":[93],"p":[94,116],"<":[95,117],".001),":[96],"remaining":[99],"significantly":[100],"associated":[101,153],"after":[105],"adjusting":[106],"for":[107,213],"teacher":[108],"tenure":[109,120],"clustering":[112],"(B":[113],"0.774,":[115],".001).":[118],"Teacher":[119],"was":[121],"not":[122],"statistically":[123],"significant":[124,161],"(p":[125],".851).":[127],"Qualitative":[128],"findings":[129,158,204],"emphasized":[130],"shared":[131],"direction,":[132],"empowerment,":[133],"professional":[134],"trust,":[135],"coordinated":[136],"responsibilities,":[137,181],"institutional":[139,183,217],"capacity,":[140],"while":[141],"participants":[142],"identified":[143],"staffing":[144],"shortages,":[145],"workload":[146],"pressures,":[147],"infrastructure":[149],"constraints":[150],"as":[151],"conditions":[152],"contrasting":[155],"experiences.":[156],"The":[157,186],"demonstrated":[159],"a":[160],"association":[162],"performance,":[169],"influenced":[170],"by":[171],"conditions.":[173],"School":[174],"heads":[175],"should":[176],"strengthen":[177],"participatory":[178],"leadership,":[179,216],"distributed":[180],"support":[184],"systems.":[185],"cross-sectional":[187],"design,":[188],"self-reported":[189],"measures,":[190],"unequal":[192],"sample":[194],"sizes":[195],"limited":[196],"causal":[197],"interpretation":[198],"generalizability.":[200],"By":[201],"integrating":[202],"statistical":[203],"teachers\u2019":[206],"experiences,":[207],"provides":[210],"context-specific":[211],"evidence":[212],"strengthening":[214],"educational":[215],"coordination,":[218],"sustainable":[220],"improvement.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}