{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225812288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","title":"A Capacity-Constrained Spatial Equilibrium Model for Electric Vehicle Community Charging on Local Street Networks","display_name":"A Capacity-Constrained Spatial Equilibrium Model for Electric Vehicle Community Charging on Local Street Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225812288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80684715","display_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","issn_l":"1566-113X","issn":["1566-113X","1572-9427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161485691","display_name":"Yang Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139842744","display_name":"Alfred State College","ror":"https://ror.org/00fe1xp94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139842744"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Technology, Alfred State College, State University of New York, 10 Upper College Drive, Alfred, NY, 14802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Technology, Alfred State College, State University of New York, 10 Upper College Drive, Alfred, NY, 14802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I139842744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161490457","display_name":"Xianbiao Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianbiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134750503","display_name":"Peiheng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108454","display_name":"Norfolk Southern (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5k1048","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norfolk Southern Corporation, 650 W Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norfolk Southern Corporation, 650 W Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016168827","display_name":"\u5468\u96ea\u677e","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161490457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.03830000013113022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161999928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4556320","display_name":"Variational inequality","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778625738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358078","display_name":"Street network","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148047603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014612","display_name":"Parallelizable manifold","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58716799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6035648","display_name":"Inner loop","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11070850","display_name":"Inflow","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93979843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661306","display_name":"Symmetric equilibrium","level":5,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80684715","display_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","issn_l":"1566-113X","issn":["1566-113X","1572-9427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11067-026-09798-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80684715","display_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","issn_l":"1566-113X","issn":["1566-113X","1572-9427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Spatial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225812288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225812288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495165109","https://openalex.org/W1977195750","https://openalex.org/W1977270385","https://openalex.org/W1979686305","https://openalex.org/W1981267404","https://openalex.org/W1993911734","https://openalex.org/W2008901177","https://openalex.org/W2016517624","https://openalex.org/W2039754451","https://openalex.org/W2040771350","https://openalex.org/W2054129049","https://openalex.org/W2057624533","https://openalex.org/W2060633232","https://openalex.org/W2061812955","https://openalex.org/W2062228041","https://openalex.org/W2063249628","https://openalex.org/W2081677832","https://openalex.org/W2084129396","https://openalex.org/W2085502150","https://openalex.org/W2090089841","https://openalex.org/W2095247464","https://openalex.org/W2109341366","https://openalex.org/W2114657918","https://openalex.org/W2119752445","https://openalex.org/W2119852896","https://openalex.org/W2125913552","https://openalex.org/W2130837404","https://openalex.org/W2134492883","https://openalex.org/W2134763711","https://openalex.org/W2148897940","https://openalex.org/W2157570139","https://openalex.org/W2158762687","https://openalex.org/W2260811999","https://openalex.org/W2287746685","https://openalex.org/W2356554371","https://openalex.org/W2517796793","https://openalex.org/W2583363031","https://openalex.org/W2887080257","https://openalex.org/W2989572795","https://openalex.org/W3012529546","https://openalex.org/W4236282149","https://openalex.org/W4280623007","https://openalex.org/W4292177493","https://openalex.org/W4378189293","https://openalex.org/W4386364195","https://openalex.org/W4400111027","https://openalex.org/W4406640654"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Community":[1],"charging":[2,39,106],"places":[3],"electric":[4],"vehicle":[5],"(EV)":[6],"chargers":[7],"in":[8,21,151,156,276],"communal":[9],"spaces":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,107,183],"shopping":[13],"malls,":[14],"public":[15],"parking,":[16],"and":[17,34,48,72,117,137,155,164,192,220,247,264,270],"activity":[18],"centers":[19],"embedded":[20],"local":[22,58],"street":[23],"networks.":[24],"It":[25],"creates":[26],"a":[27,73,100,108,123,131,184,207,240,266,271],"spatial":[28,110],"equilibrium":[29,111,187,196,259],"problem":[30],"with":[31,112,126,188],"an":[32,210,221],"access":[33],"coupling":[35],"structure":[36,149],"that":[37,171,253],"corridor":[38],"along":[40],"freeways":[41],"does":[42],"not":[43],"exhibit.":[44],"Multiple":[45],"origin\u2013destination":[46],"pairs":[47],"routes":[49],"converge":[50],"on":[51,65,130,175,218,239],"the":[52,66,85,91,97,147,152,157,161,168,173,176,180,203,234,243,254,261],"same":[53],"community":[54,105],"charger":[55,61],"via":[56],"overlapping":[57],"arterials,":[59],"so":[60],"waiting":[62],"times":[63],"depend":[64],"aggregate":[67],"inflow":[68],"from":[69],"many":[70,82],"paths":[71,154],"single":[74],"hardware":[75],"capacity":[76,114],"simultaneously":[77],"constrains":[78],"feasible":[79],"flow":[80],"for":[81,229],"travelers.":[83],"On":[84],"physical":[86,177],"network,":[87,133,178,242,246],"these":[88],"features":[89],"make":[90],"generalized":[92,185],"link":[93],"costs":[94],"non-separable":[95],"across":[96],"links":[98],"feeding":[99],"shared":[101],"station.":[102],"We":[103,166],"formulate":[104],"capacity-constrained":[109],"station-level":[113,215],"side":[115,128],"constraints,":[116],"we":[118,205],"show":[119,252],"it":[120],"is":[121],"exactly":[122],"Beckmann":[124],"program":[125],"arc-capacity":[127],"constraints":[129],"station-expanded":[132],"restricted":[134],"to":[135],"range-":[136],"access-feasible":[138],"paths.":[139],"The":[140],"capacitated":[141],"user-equilibrium":[142],"theory":[143],"therefore":[144],"applies,":[145],"while":[146],"community-charging":[148,250],"lies":[150],"admissible":[153],"queueing":[158],"origin":[159],"of":[160,195],"station":[162,190],"cost":[163],"capacity.":[165],"prove":[167],"cross-link":[169],"symmetry":[170],"certifies":[172],"potential":[174],"characterize":[179],"KKT":[181],"solution":[182],"user":[186],"endogenous":[189],"prices,":[191],"establish":[193],"uniqueness":[194],"flows":[197],"under":[198,233],"strict":[199],"convexity.":[200],"To":[201],"solve":[202],"program,":[204],"develop":[206],"primal\u2013dual":[208],"decomposition:":[209],"outer":[211],"augmented-Lagrangian":[212],"loop":[213,224],"adjusts":[214],"shadow":[216],"prices":[217],"capacity,":[219],"inner":[222],"column-generation":[223],"solves":[225],"parallelizable":[226],"path-flow":[227],"subproblems":[228],"each":[230],"OD":[231],"pair":[232],"current":[235],"prices.":[236],"Numerical":[237],"experiments":[238],"toy":[241],"Sioux":[244],"Falls":[245],"two":[248],"real-world":[249],"networks":[251],"proposed":[255],"method":[256],"consistently":[257],"attains":[258],"(to":[260],"reported":[262],"tolerances)":[263],"outperforms":[265],"path-based":[267],"interaction-ignored":[268],"algorithm":[269,275],"link-based":[272],"interaction-aware":[273],"Frank\u2013Wolfe":[274],"computational":[277],"efficiency.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}