{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225812223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","title":"Development and internal validation of a multimodal deep learning model for screening-level lower-limb alignment using plantar 3D foot scans","display_name":"Development and internal validation of a multimodal deep learning model for screening-level lower-limb alignment using plantar 3D foot scans","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225812223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114030595","display_name":"Sao Chih Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2780-6118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2780-6118","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-7786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simin Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2780-6118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039069387","display_name":"Yaxi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5906-899X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5906-899X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London","University College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5906-899X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019556042","display_name":"Chenyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2128-5621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2128-5621","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-1889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Integrated Circuits and Micro-Nano Electronics, Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Integrated Circuits and Micro-Nano Electronics, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137214601","display_name":"Ding Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097066","display_name":"Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010826a91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161472988","display_name":"Jiaqi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097066","display_name":"Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010826a91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137212204","display_name":"Mo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8776-8543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8776-8543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161487385","display_name":"Julian Leong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032309114","display_name":"Yipeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4902-0486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4902-0486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161452126","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137217208","display_name":"Jinwu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-057X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-057X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097066","display_name":"Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010826a91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210097066"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073315164","display_name":"Chaozong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-4043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-4043","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0371-1299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaozong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-4043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"apc_paid":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"11","first_page":"e0001802","last_page":"e0001802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7087000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6866000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019007443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3d model","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780874531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184490","display_name":"Metatarsophalangeal joints","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221150","display_name":"PLOS Digital Health","issn_l":"2767-3170","issn":["2767-3170"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035808555","https://openalex.org/W2061658024","https://openalex.org/W2094503456","https://openalex.org/W2098203975","https://openalex.org/W2104318091","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2468378494","https://openalex.org/W2527820490","https://openalex.org/W2588106382","https://openalex.org/W2939716589","https://openalex.org/W2947135161","https://openalex.org/W3109466128","https://openalex.org/W3120047874","https://openalex.org/W3137361717","https://openalex.org/W3144835419","https://openalex.org/W4211215939","https://openalex.org/W4213127134","https://openalex.org/W4285602020","https://openalex.org/W4288037290","https://openalex.org/W4307407884","https://openalex.org/W4393858536","https://openalex.org/W4394688169","https://openalex.org/W4396610489","https://openalex.org/W4403986236","https://openalex.org/W4407831011","https://openalex.org/W4408970724","https://openalex.org/W4409230616","https://openalex.org/W4412138541","https://openalex.org/W4412572366","https://openalex.org/W4414381648"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lower-limb":[0],"alignment":[1,27,76,236,248],"is":[2,10],"a":[3,57,68,80,146,255,277],"key":[4],"determinant":[5],"of":[6,83,186,230,266],"musculoskeletal":[7],"loading":[8],"and":[9,22,65,87,98,106,119,143,150,165,171,195,219],"associated":[11,246],"with":[12,92,154,247,254,271],"biomechanical":[13,283],"risk":[14,284],"pathways":[15],"for":[16,39,61,101,188,192,197,207,221,280],"conditions":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,56,276],"knee":[20,108,198,222],"osteoarthritis":[21],"plantar":[23,46,94,116,244,267],"fasciitis.":[24],"However,":[25],"routine":[26],"assessment":[28],"still":[29],"relies":[30],"on":[31,145],"radiography":[32],"or":[33],"specialist":[34],"clinical":[35,99,291],"examination,":[36],"limiting":[37],"scalability":[38],"early":[40],"screening.":[41,77],"Here,":[42],"we":[43,66],"investigated":[44],"whether":[45],"foot":[47,96],"morphology":[48],"captured":[49],"by":[50],"weight-bearing":[51],"3D":[52,95,268],"scanning":[53,269],"can":[54],"serve":[55],"computational":[58],"screening":[59,281],"feature":[60],"proximal":[62],"lower-limb":[63],"alignment,":[64,105,194],"developed":[67],"multimodal":[69,177,231],"deep":[70,274],"learning":[71,275],"framework":[72],"to":[73,128],"support":[74],"scalable":[75],"We":[78],"established":[79],"cross-sectional":[81],"dataset":[82],"167":[84],"participants":[85],"(adults":[86],"children":[88],"aged":[89],"6\u201360":[90],"years)":[91],"standardised":[93],"scans":[97],"labels":[100],"arch":[102,189,208],"type,":[103,190],"hindfoot":[104,193],"frontal-plane":[107],"alignment.":[109,199,223],"The":[110,175,200],"proposed":[111],"model":[112,178],"jointly":[113],"learns":[114],"from":[115],"scan":[117],"images":[118],"16":[120],"geometric":[121],"morphological":[122,251],"features,":[123],"integrated":[124],"using":[125,137],"feature-wise":[126],"attention":[127,232],"prioritise":[129],"alignment-relevant":[130],"cues":[131],"across":[132,235],"modalities.":[133],"Performance":[134],"was":[135,152],"evaluated":[136],"accuracy,":[138],"precision,":[139],"recall,":[140],"F1":[141],"score,":[142],"AUC":[144],"held-out":[147],"test":[148],"set,":[149],"interpretability":[151],"assessed":[153],"class":[155],"activation":[156],"mapping":[157],"(CAM).":[158],"Ablation":[159],"studies":[160],"compared":[161],"alternative":[162],"image":[163],"encoders":[164],"fusion":[166,172,233],"variants,":[167],"including":[168],"image-only,":[169],"morphology-only,":[170],"without":[173],"attention.":[174],"attention-based":[176],"showed":[179],"competitive":[180],"but":[181],"task-dependent":[182],"performance,":[183],"achieving":[184],"accuracies":[185],"89%":[187],"81%":[191],"76%":[196],"image-only":[201],"ViT":[202,212],"achieved":[203,215],"the":[204,211,228,264],"highest":[205],"accuracy":[206,218],"classification,":[209],"while":[210],"without-attention":[213],"configuration":[214],"slightly":[216],"higher":[217],"macro-F1":[220],"These":[224],"findings":[225,262],"indicate":[226],"that":[227],"benefit":[229],"varied":[234],"tasks.":[237],"Activation":[238],"maps":[239],"consistently":[240],"highlighted":[241],"clinically":[242],"relevant":[243],"regions":[245],"patterns,":[249],"suggesting":[250],"correlations":[252],"consistent":[253],"distal-proximal":[256],"kinetic":[257],"chain":[258],"hypothesis.":[259],"Together,":[260],"these":[261],"demonstrate":[263],"potential":[265],"combined":[270],"multimodal,":[272],"explainable":[273],"non-invasive":[278],"approach":[279],"alignment-related":[282],"factors,":[285],"warranting":[286],"further":[287],"external":[288],"validation":[289],"before":[290],"translation.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}