{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225811982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","title":"Standard Sirens: Where the Gravitational-Wave Measurement Stands and How Many Events Arbitration Takes","display_name":"Standard Sirens: Where the Gravitational-Wave Measurement Stands and How Many Events Arbitration Takes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225811982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.11020000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.6018000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165969730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1821402","display_name":"Luminosity distance","level":4,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24145843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24145843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gravitational-wave":[0],"standard":[1],"sirens":[2],"measure":[3],"luminosity":[4],"distance":[5],"absolutely,":[6],"from":[7,197,248],"the":[8,18,23,64,93,154,191,199,210,218,220,224,226,235],"waveform":[9],"itself,":[10],"with":[11,30,63,110,115],"no":[12,15,160],"ladder":[13],"and":[14,41,78,142,213,232],"ruler":[16],"\u2014":[17],"only":[19,186],"proposed":[20],"arbitration":[21,38,192],"of":[22,76,79,100,122,169,176],"Hubble":[24],"tension":[25],"whose":[26],"systematics":[27],"share":[28],"nothing":[29,83],"either":[31],"side.":[32],"This":[33,244],"paper":[34],"computes":[35],"where":[36],"that":[37,159],"currently":[39,233],"stands":[40],"what":[42],"it":[43,251],"will":[44],"take":[45],"to":[46,183,217],"complete.":[47],"The":[48,85],"single":[49],"bright":[50],"siren,":[51],"GW170817,":[52],"gives":[53],"H0":[54],"=":[55],"70":[56],"(+12/\u22128)":[57],"km/s/Mpc,":[58],"or":[59,113,137,150,204],"70.3":[60],"\u00b1":[61],"5.2":[62],"radio":[65],"jet's":[66],"inclination":[67],"constraint":[68],"added;":[69],"both":[70],"values":[71,96],"sit":[72],"within":[73],"0.6":[74],"sigma":[75,105],"Planck":[77],"SH0ES":[80],"simultaneously,":[81],"arbitrating":[82],"yet.":[84],"event-count":[86],"roadmap":[87,236],"is":[88,164,223,228,246,252],"then":[89],"computed":[90,247],"exactly:":[91],"distinguishing":[92],"two":[94],"contending":[95],"(a":[97],"fractional":[98,174],"separation":[99],"8.43":[101],"percent)":[102],"at":[103,128,134,139,179],"three":[104],"requires":[106,125,147],"about":[107],"29":[108],"events":[109,127,152],"15-percent":[111],"distances,":[112],"51":[114],"20-percent":[116],"distances;":[117],"reaching":[118],"a":[119,143,173,254],"total":[120],"precision":[121],"2":[123],"percent":[124,130,145,178,185],"57":[126],"15":[129],"per":[131],"event,":[132],"25":[133],"10":[135],"percent,":[136],"13":[138],"7":[140],"percent;":[141],"1":[144,184],"determination":[146],"225,":[148],"100,":[149],"50":[151],"in":[153,239],"same":[155],"cases.":[156],"A":[157],"floor":[158],"event":[161],"count":[162],"removes":[163],"quantified:":[165],"host-galaxy":[166],"peculiar":[167],"velocities":[168],"200":[170],"km/s":[171],"contribute":[172],"error":[175],"6.7":[177],"redshift":[180,188],"0.01,":[181],"falling":[182],"beyond":[187,198],"0.067,":[189],"so":[190],"sample":[193],"must":[194],"be":[195],"drawn":[196],"local":[200],"velocity":[201,207],"field's":[202],"reach":[203],"carry":[205],"modelled":[206],"corrections.":[208],"Against":[209],"bounced-cosmology":[211],"frame":[212],"every":[214],"other":[215],"party":[216],"dispute,":[219],"sirens'":[221],"verdict":[222],"same:":[225],"method":[227],"unbiased":[229],"by":[230],"construction":[231],"outnumbered;":[234],"above":[237],"states,":[238],"events,":[240],"exactly":[241],"how":[242],"outnumbered.":[243],"study":[245],"published":[249],"values;":[250],"not":[253],"measurement.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
