{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225811555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","title":"Orbital Collaborative Computing Between General-Purpose Internet Search Engines and Large Language Models: A Novel Framework for Bidirectional Search\u2013Generation Integration in Space","display_name":"Orbital Collaborative Computing Between General-Purpose Internet Search Engines and Large Language Models: A Novel Framework for Bidirectional Search\u2013Generation Integration in Space","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225811555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24135247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638045","display_name":"Jincheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-6704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-6704","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1860-0009"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jincheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1860-0009","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100638045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.06800000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.816100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4814999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90288658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318149","display_name":"Human\u2013computer information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21025794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141219","display_name":"Cognitive models of information retrieval","level":4,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173979980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114106","display_name":"Metasearch engine","level":4,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14838553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441639","display_name":"Search analytics","level":4,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551230270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368942","display_name":"Data retrieval","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6629501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842433","display_name":"Orbital mechanics","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24135247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24135248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24135247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24135247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"Internet":[1,61,111,293,353,382,434],"search":[2,62,93,112,146,149,197,217,262,354,383],"engines":[3],"and":[4,25,65,75,95,116,160,176,211,231,244,271,284,295,312,315,322,356,385,393,421],"large":[5,66],"language":[6,67,358],"models":[7,68],"(LLMs)":[8],"have":[9,34],"predominantly":[10],"evolved":[11],"as":[12,360],"separate":[13],"computational":[14,42,119,238,317],"systems,":[15,94,344],"with":[16,121,297],"their":[17],"integration":[18,350],"generally":[19],"relying":[20],"on":[21,130,348],"terrestrial":[22,96,288],"cloud":[23],"infrastructure":[24,64,355],"ground-based":[26],"data":[27,92],"centers.":[28],"Meanwhile,":[29],"emerging":[30],"space-based":[31,433],"computing":[32,73,142,276,367],"technologies":[33],"created":[35],"new":[36],"opportunities":[37],"for":[38,58,171,306,408,428],"deploying":[39,59],"increasingly":[40],"sophisticated":[41],"services":[43,363],"in":[44,114,224,240,404],"Earth":[45,131],"orbit.":[46],"This":[47,234,411],"paper":[48,301,412],"proposes":[49],"Orbital":[50],"Collaborative":[51],"Search\u2013LLM":[52],"Computing":[53],"(OCSLC),":[54],"a":[55,70,109,186,236,391,398,426],"novel":[56],"framework":[57,103,252],"general-purpose":[60,110,352,381],"engine":[63,113,147,384],"within":[69,364],"unified":[71],"orbital":[72,123,141,145,169,258,275,320,366,380,387],"environment":[74],"enabling":[76],"bidirectional,":[77],"iterative":[78,394],"collaboration":[79,120,181],"between":[80],"these":[81],"two":[82],"systems.":[83],"Unlike":[84,325],"conventional":[85,187,342],"satellite-assisted":[86],"information":[87,163,232,242,339,435],"retrieval":[88,201,243,311],"architectures,":[89],"domain-specific":[90,337],"satellite":[91,331,338],"retrieval-augmented":[97],"generation":[98],"(RAG)":[99],"applications,":[100],"the":[101,106,126,168,180,227,255,349,370,375,405],"proposed":[102,127],"specifically":[104],"investigates":[105,303,330],"operation":[107],"of":[108,257,351,372,378],"orbit":[115],"its":[117,414],"direct":[118],"an":[122,140,365,379,386],"LLM.":[124],"Under":[125],"architecture,":[128,416],"users":[129],"submit":[132],"natural-language":[133],"requests":[134,150],"through":[135,151,390],"available":[136],"communication":[137,296,321,332],"networks":[138],"to":[139,167,185,226,280,292],"platform.":[143],"The":[144,191,251,300],"processes":[148],"query":[152],"interpretation,":[153],"index":[154],"access,":[155],"document":[156],"retrieval,":[157,283,340],"relevance":[158],"evaluation,":[159],"ranking.":[161],"Retrieved":[162],"is":[164,182],"subsequently":[165],"passed":[166],"LLM":[170,192,264,388],"contextual":[172],"understanding,":[173],"reasoning,":[174],"synthesis,":[175],"response":[177,225],"generation.":[178],"Importantly,":[179],"not":[183,402],"restricted":[184],"one-directional":[188],"retrieval-to-generation":[189],"pipeline.":[190],"can":[193,219],"dynamically":[194],"formulate":[195],"additional":[196],"queries,":[198],"request":[199],"further":[200,253],"operations,":[202],"identify":[203],"missing":[204],"or":[205,222,341],"conflicting":[206],"information,":[207],"evaluate":[208],"intermediate":[209,229],"results,":[210],"initiate":[212],"repeated":[213],"search\u2013analysis\u2013generation":[214],"cycles.":[215],"Conversely,":[216],"operations":[218],"be":[220],"initiated":[221],"refined":[223],"LLM's":[228],"reasoning":[230,246],"requirements.":[233],"creates":[235],"bidirectional":[237,392],"relationship":[239],"which":[241],"generative":[245,357],"continuously":[247],"influence":[248],"one":[249],"another.":[250],"considers":[254],"deployment":[256],"web-indexing":[259],"infrastructure,":[260],"distributed":[261],"storage,":[263],"inference":[265,285,313],"services,":[266],"search\u2013generation":[267,395],"orchestration,":[268],"inter-satellite":[269],"communication,":[270],"satellite-ground":[272],"interfaces.":[273],"Multiple":[274],"nodes":[277],"may":[278],"cooperate":[279],"distribute":[281],"indexing,":[282],"workloads,":[286],"while":[287],"gateways":[289],"facilitate":[290],"access":[291],"content":[294],"external":[298],"users.":[299],"also":[302],"potential":[304],"mechanisms":[305],"maintaining":[307],"search-index":[308],"freshness,":[309],"coordinating":[310],"resources,":[314],"managing":[316],"tasks":[318],"under":[319],"energy":[323],"constraints.":[324],"existing":[326],"research":[327,400,419],"that":[328],"primarily":[329],"optimization,":[333],"onboard":[334],"artificial":[335],"intelligence,":[336],"RAG":[343],"this":[345,409],"study":[346],"focuses":[347],"intelligence":[359],"mutually":[361],"coordinated":[362],"environment.":[368],"To":[369],"best":[371],"our":[373],"knowledge,":[374],"specific":[376],"combination":[377],"operating":[389],"architecture":[396],"represents":[397],"distinct":[399],"direction":[401],"identified":[403],"literature":[406],"examined":[407],"study.":[410],"establishes":[413],"conceptual":[415],"operational":[417],"mechanisms,":[418],"questions,":[420],"principal":[422],"implementation":[423],"challenges,":[424],"providing":[425],"foundation":[427],"future":[429],"investigation":[430],"into":[431],"intelligent":[432],"services.":[436]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
