{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225810473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","title":"Tea Stem Polysaccharide Improves Diabetic Metabolic Disorders in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid\u2013Carbon Metabolism","display_name":"Tea Stem Polysaccharide Improves Diabetic Metabolic Disorders in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid\u2013Carbon Metabolism","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225810473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15224042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015183105","display_name":"Aijun Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aijun Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161472296","display_name":"Kaijin He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161489829","display_name":"Xuehui Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161480386","display_name":"Youcai Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youcai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161461084","display_name":"Yongpeng Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161481024","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067018911","display_name":"Chao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-632X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-632X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-632X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569211","display_name":"Xiaodong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-6711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-6711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660085","display_name":"Xiaoyan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-085X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-085X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-085X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161473121","display_name":"Yan Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080262346","display_name":"Jianghua Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98834328","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/059djzq42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianghua Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-1848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015183105","https://openalex.org/A5080262346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615","https://openalex.org/I98834328"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"22","first_page":"4042","last_page":"4042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.19539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11411","display_name":"Tea Polyphenols and Effects","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.7728000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100817775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134219","display_name":"Polysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.6862999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17093226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734081","display_name":"Carbohydrate metabolism","level":2,"score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21565614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006","display_name":"Metabolomics","level":2,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118859902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133516","display_name":"Monosaccharide","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780206646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061596","display_name":"Lactobacillus","level":3,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778977261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358","display_name":"Carbohydrate","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775920511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Lactic acid","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192989942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68685","display_name":"Metabolic pathway","level":3,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780833929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501412","display_name":"Glucose tolerance test","level":4,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780677274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420726","display_name":"Branched-chain amino acid","level":4,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910750677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734081","display_name":"Glucose Metabolism Disorder","level":4,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776991927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14860867","display_name":"Fatty acid metabolism","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101014631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4889568","display_name":"Microbial metabolism","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15224042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15224042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15224042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902888382","https://openalex.org/W3057101314","https://openalex.org/W3203197693","https://openalex.org/W4310736945","https://openalex.org/W4317952789","https://openalex.org/W4321478398","https://openalex.org/W4385717757","https://openalex.org/W4386209581","https://openalex.org/W4387673083","https://openalex.org/W4387707312","https://openalex.org/W4390038736","https://openalex.org/W4400838555","https://openalex.org/W4401715248","https://openalex.org/W4403838389","https://openalex.org/W4405892173","https://openalex.org/W4407661637","https://openalex.org/W4407954711","https://openalex.org/W4409307713","https://openalex.org/W4409663778","https://openalex.org/W4410221294","https://openalex.org/W4415401477","https://openalex.org/W4415743258","https://openalex.org/W4417305202","https://openalex.org/W7121633543","https://openalex.org/W7134987386","https://openalex.org/W7143405467","https://openalex.org/W7160374624","https://openalex.org/W7162677563","https://openalex.org/W7162781779","https://openalex.org/W7168278411","https://openalex.org/W7170082783"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Type":[0],"2":[1],"diabetes":[2],"mellitus":[3],"(T2DM)":[4],"imposes":[5],"a":[6,74,143],"growing":[7],"global":[8],"health":[9],"burden,":[10],"and":[11,31,36,67,95,103,112,114,118],"tea-processing":[12],"by-products":[13],"(e.g.,":[14],"stems)":[15],"remain":[16],"underutilized":[17],"despite":[18],"being":[19],"rich":[20,50],"in":[21,40,51,132],"bioactive":[22],"polysaccharides.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"characterized":[26],"tea":[27,160],"stem":[28,161],"polysaccharides":[29],"(TSPs)":[30],"assessed":[32],"their":[33],"hypoglycemic":[34],"effects":[35],"the":[37,78,81,133,151,156],"underlying":[38],"mechanisms":[39],"T2DM":[41,147],"mice.":[42],"TSP":[43,56,108,127,145],"was":[44],"identified":[45],"as":[46,71],"an":[47,129],"acidic":[48],"heteropolysaccharide":[49],"galacturonic":[52],"acid.":[53],"Four-week":[54],"oral":[55,82],"administration":[57],"significantly":[58],"reduced":[59],"fasting":[60],"blood":[61],"glucose":[62,69,83],"(FBG,":[63],"p":[64],"<":[65,88],"0.01)":[66],"improved":[68],"tolerance,":[70],"evidenced":[72],"by":[73],"decreased":[75],"area":[76],"under":[77],"curve":[79],"of":[80,135,159],"tolerance":[84],"test":[85],"(OGTT-AUC)":[86],"(p":[87],"0.01),":[89],"while":[90],"dose-dependently":[91],"alleviating":[92],"pancreatic,":[93],"hepatic":[94],"cecal":[96],"histopathological":[97],"damage.":[98],"Integrated":[99],"16S":[100],"rRNA":[101],"sequencing":[102],"untargeted":[104],"metabolomics":[105,123],"revealed":[106],"that":[107,126],"selectively":[109],"enriched":[110],"Lactobacillus":[111],"Ligilactobacillus":[113],"modulated":[115],"amino":[116],"acid":[117],"carbon":[119],"metabolism":[120],"pathways.":[121],"Targeted":[122],"further":[124],"showed":[125],"induced":[128],"upward":[130],"trend":[131],"levels":[134],"some":[136],"branched":[137],"short-chain":[138],"fatty":[139],"acids":[140],"(SCFAs).":[141],"As":[142],"prebiotic,":[144],"improves":[146],"metabolic":[148],"disorders":[149],"via":[150],"gut":[152],"microbiota-metabolite":[153],"axis,":[154],"supporting":[155],"high-value":[157],"utilization":[158],"by-products.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}