{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225809681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","title":"Valorization of Arnold Fir Seeds and Cones: Composition of Essential Oils, Their Biological Activity and the Potential of Extracts","display_name":"Valorization of Arnold Fir Seeds and Cones: Composition of Essential Oils, Their Biological Activity and the Potential of Extracts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225809681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules31224063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079191129","display_name":"Anna Wajs\u2010Bonikowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-2654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-2654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Wajs-Bonikowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego St. 2/22, 90-530 Lodz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-2654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego St. 2/22, 90-530 Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050019790","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Anita Bryszewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-5610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-5610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Anita Bryszewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego St. 2/22, 90-530 Lodz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-5610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego St. 2/22, 90-530 Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017936056","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Szoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-1588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-1588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146122375","display_name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4ya841","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146122375"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Szoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego St. 1, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego St. 1, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146122375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001011533","display_name":"Pawel A. Kwiatkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-0541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-0541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79833322","display_name":"Pomeranian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v1rak05","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79833322"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Kwiatkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich St. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-0541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich St. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79833322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043735634","display_name":"Agnieszka Synowiec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-7759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-7759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019092743","display_name":"University of Agriculture in Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/012dxyr07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka Synowiec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroecology and Plant Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-7759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroecology and Plant Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076340599","display_name":"J. Gospodarek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-994X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-994X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019092743","display_name":"University of Agriculture in Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/012dxyr07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janina Gospodarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-994X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076340599","https://openalex.org/A5079191129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621","https://openalex.org/I3019092743"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"22","first_page":"4063","last_page":"4063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11973","display_name":"Plant chemical constituents analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777671706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32528","display_name":"Monoterpene","level":2,"score":0.8126999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44937612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212364","display_name":"Terpene","level":2,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.666100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116073593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864491","display_name":"Biological activity","level":3,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170885","display_name":"Essential oil","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206103511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426694","display_name":"Terpenoid","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C486523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494483","display_name":"Enantiomer","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778231731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161572","display_name":"Eucalyptol","level":3,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96798521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22710","display_name":"Conifer cone","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80218","display_name":"Sesquiterpene","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3141732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568761","display_name":"Enantiomeric excess","level":4,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123460561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677065","display_name":"Gas chromatography","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules31224063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules31224063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31224063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491988332","https://openalex.org/W1988461979","https://openalex.org/W2009262737","https://openalex.org/W2018152091","https://openalex.org/W2018780206","https://openalex.org/W2021930580","https://openalex.org/W2029687917","https://openalex.org/W2052669412","https://openalex.org/W2068524720","https://openalex.org/W2076355426","https://openalex.org/W2088142527","https://openalex.org/W2765701079","https://openalex.org/W2937571401","https://openalex.org/W2944401869","https://openalex.org/W2998398577","https://openalex.org/W3012829982","https://openalex.org/W4240954861","https://openalex.org/W4320919996","https://openalex.org/W4389737238","https://openalex.org/W4412068388","https://openalex.org/W7117308754"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Essential":[0],"oils":[1],"(EOs)":[2],"of":[3,11,57,89,96,105],"attractive":[4],"scent":[5],"from":[6,28,32,119],"the":[7,18,46,63,90,100,115,127],"seeds":[8,29],"and":[9,35,53,71,82,123,141,144,150,168,180,195],"cones":[10,33],"Abies":[12],"\u00d7":[13],"arnoldiana":[14],"were":[15],"investigated":[16],"for":[17,85,124,193],"first":[19],"time,":[20],"revealing":[21],"a":[22,54,189],"more":[23,86],"than":[24,31,87],"ninefold":[25],"higher":[26,55],"yield":[27],"(4.40%)":[30],"(0.45%)":[34],"distinct":[36],"terpene":[37],"profiles.":[38],"Monoterpene":[39],"hydrocarbons":[40],"predominated":[41],"in":[42,112,164],"both":[43,113],"EOs,":[44],"while":[45,156],"cone":[47,91,169],"oil":[48,65],"exhibited":[49,135],"greater":[50],"chemical":[51],"diversity":[52],"proportion":[56],"oxygenated":[58],"monoterpenes":[59],"(up":[60],"to":[61,121,154],"40.9%);":[62],"seed":[64,167],"was":[66,110,130],"characterized":[67],"mainly":[68],"by":[69],"\u03b1-":[70,81],"\u03b2-pinene,":[72],"camphene,":[73],"limonene,":[74],"as":[75,77,188],"well":[76],"bornyl":[78],"acetate,":[79],"whereas":[80],"\u03b2-pinene":[83],"accounted":[84],"half":[88],"EO,":[92],"with":[93],"only":[94],"38%":[95],"constituents":[97],"shared":[98],"between":[99],"oils.":[101],"A":[102],"clear":[103],"predominance":[104],"levorotatory":[106],"(\u2212)":[107],"monoterpene":[108],"enantiomers":[109],"observed":[111],"oils;":[114],"enantiomeric":[116],"excess":[117],"ranged":[118],"88.2%":[120],"100%,":[122],"several":[125],"compounds,":[126,174],"(+)":[128],"form":[129],"completely":[131],"absent.":[132],"Both":[133],"EOs":[134],"bactericidal":[136],"activity":[137],"against":[138,147],"Staphylococcus":[139],"aureus":[140],"Escherichia":[142],"coli":[143],"cytotoxic":[145],"effects":[146],"normal":[148],"skin":[149],"melanoma":[151],"cells":[152],"comparable":[153],"thymol,":[155],"non-cytotoxic":[157],"concentrations":[158],"did":[159],"not":[160],"impair":[161],"collagen":[162],"biosynthesis":[163],"fibroblasts;":[165],"additionally,":[166],"extracts":[170],"contained":[171],"valuable":[172],"bioactive":[173],"including":[175],"unsaturated":[176],"fatty":[177],"acids,":[178],"tocopherols":[179],"phytosterols,":[181],"highlighting":[182],"Arnold":[183],"fir,":[184],"particularly":[185],"its":[186],"seeds,":[187],"promising":[190],"raw":[191],"material":[192],"cosmetic":[194],"other":[196],"biotechnological":[197],"applications.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
