{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225809019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","title":"Recurrent cerebrospinal fluid herpesvirus PCR positivity: a retrospective analysis of inter-positive intervals","display_name":"Recurrent cerebrospinal fluid herpesvirus PCR positivity: a retrospective analysis of inter-positive intervals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225809019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1099/jmm.0.002222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154078021","display_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-2615","issn":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148441579","display_name":"Ji Yeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4554-5824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4554-5824"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Yeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4554-5824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047828372","display_name":"Bo Kyeung Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-6440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-6440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166688","display_name":"Dankook University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05v0qpv28","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166688","https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Kyeung Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-6440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008163962","display_name":"Jae\u2010Sik Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-5705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-5705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Sik Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-5705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000491897","display_name":"Jae Kyung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-563X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-563X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Kyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-563X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10625","display_name":"Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10625","display_name":"Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10981","display_name":"Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776409557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149348","display_name":"Herpesviridae","level":4,"score":0.6848000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781196997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655331","display_name":"Herpes simplex virus","level":3,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6946","display_name":"Cytomegalovirus","level":5,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6974","display_name":"Human herpesvirus 6","level":5,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1856108","display_name":"Alphaherpesvirinae","level":5,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6929","display_name":"Human cytomegalovirus","level":3,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776159415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6868","display_name":"Varicella zoster virus","level":3,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062122","display_name":"Central nervous system disease","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48023723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198","display_name":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900","display_name":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781399669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509095","display_name":"Simplexvirus","level":5,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36372059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376492","display_name":"HSL and HSV","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778847070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389837","display_name":"Gammaherpesvirinae","level":5,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1099/jmm.0.002222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154078021","display_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-2615","issn":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1099/jmm.0.002222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154078021","display_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-2615","issn":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547573590","https://openalex.org/W1831137467","https://openalex.org/W1963762085","https://openalex.org/W1999091319","https://openalex.org/W2057984126","https://openalex.org/W2064131967","https://openalex.org/W2082130940","https://openalex.org/W2111471104","https://openalex.org/W2114618442","https://openalex.org/W2123461911","https://openalex.org/W2132387457","https://openalex.org/W2134582169","https://openalex.org/W2140263463","https://openalex.org/W2148635135","https://openalex.org/W2160821394","https://openalex.org/W2161384717","https://openalex.org/W2163278718","https://openalex.org/W2296199035","https://openalex.org/W2460625652","https://openalex.org/W2599076725","https://openalex.org/W2622595018","https://openalex.org/W2797860862","https://openalex.org/W3008094116","https://openalex.org/W3022275668","https://openalex.org/W4213337952","https://openalex.org/W4405703629","https://openalex.org/W4415503029","https://openalex.org/W7204493991"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction.":[0],"Herpes":[1],"simplex":[2],"virus":[3,13],"types":[4],"1":[5],"and":[6,9,11,81,95,104,152,169,196,217,260,274,287,306],"2":[7],"(HSV-1":[8],"HSV-2)":[10],"varicella-zoster":[12],"(VZV)":[14],"are":[15],"established":[16],"causes":[17],"of":[18,39,64,149],"central":[19],"nervous":[20],"system":[21],"infection,":[22],"whereas":[23],"human":[24],"herpesvirus":[25,54,93,280],"6":[26],"(HHV-6)":[27],"DNA":[28],"may":[29,75],"be":[30],"detected":[31,56],"in":[32,57,83,255,263],"more":[33],"heterogeneous":[34,284],"contexts.":[35],"However,":[36],"longitudinal":[37],"patterns":[38],"recurrent":[40,184,250,269],"cerebrospinal":[41],"fluid":[42],"(CSF)":[43],"PCR":[44,114,281],"positivity":[45,128,251,270,282],"remain":[46],"poorly":[47],"characterized.":[48],"Hypothesis/Gap":[49],"statement.":[50],"When":[51],"the":[52,62,65,167,256,264],"same":[53],"is":[55,70],"CSF":[58,113,279],"on":[59,78,162],"different":[60],"dates,":[61],"meaning":[63],"interval":[66,203],"between":[67],"positive":[68,134,171],"results":[69,115,180],"uncertain.":[71],"Its":[72],"observed":[73],"distribution":[74],"also":[76],"depend":[77],"retesting":[79],"opportunities":[80],"changes":[82,100],"testing":[84,106,304],"practice.":[85],"Aim.":[86],"To":[87],"describe":[88],"inter-positive":[89,202,288],"intervals":[90,140,213],"across":[91],"five":[92,117],"targets":[94],"assess":[96],"how":[97],"their":[98],"interpretation":[99],"with":[101,146],"operational":[102],"cut-offs":[103,148],"calendar-period":[105],"patterns.":[107],"Methodology.":[108],"We":[109],"retrospectively":[110],"analysed":[111],"qualitative":[112],"for":[116,224],"herpesviruses":[118],"from":[119],"16":[120],"March":[121,125],"2010":[122],"to":[123],"30":[124,144],"2026.":[126],"Recurrent":[127,278],"required":[129],"at":[130,143],"least":[131],"two":[132],"distinct":[133],"dates":[135],"per":[136],"patient\u2013virus":[137],"pair.":[138],"First-to-last":[139],"were":[141,186,214,219],"classified":[142],"days,":[145],"exploratory":[147],"14,":[150],"60":[151],"90":[153],"days.":[154],"Calendar-period":[155],"analyses":[156],"used":[157],"FilmArray":[158],"Meningitis/Encephalitis":[159],"panel":[160],"introduction":[161],"10":[163,225],"November":[164],"2020":[165],"as":[166,173],"boundary":[168],"period-specific":[170],"pairs":[172,185],"denominators.":[174],"Results.":[175],"Among":[176],"19,959":[177],"interpretable":[178],"target-level":[179],"(994":[181],"positive),":[182],"33":[183],"identified:":[187],"HHV-6":[188,222,234,268],"(18),":[189],"VZV":[190],"(7),":[191],"HSV-1":[192],"(5),":[193],"HSV-2":[194],"(2)":[195],"cytomegalovirus":[197],"(1).":[198],"The":[199,233],"median":[200],"first-to-last":[201],"was":[204,238,252,271],"11":[205],"days":[206,216],"(interquartile":[207],"range,":[208,210],"4\u2013185;":[209],"1\u2013864).":[211],"Nineteen":[212],"<30":[215],"14":[218],"\u226530":[220],"days;":[221],"accounted":[223],"longer":[226],"pairs,":[227],"all":[228],"pre-implementation,":[229],"limiting":[230],"target-specific":[231],"interpretation.":[232],"versus":[235,242],"non-HHV-6":[236],"comparison":[237],"not":[239],"significant":[240],"(10/18":[241],"4/15;":[243],"two-sided":[244],"Fisher\u2019s":[245],"exact":[246],"P":[247],"=0.158).":[248],"Within-period":[249],"24/771":[253],"(3.1%)":[254],"pre-implementation":[257],"calendar":[258],"period":[259],"8/176":[261],"(4.5%)":[262],"post-implementation":[265],"period;":[266],"corresponding":[267],"17/302":[272],"(5.6%)":[273],"1/84":[275],"(1.2%).":[276],"Conclusion.":[277],"showed":[283],"target":[285],"composition":[286],"intervals.":[289],"These":[290],"data":[291],"cannot":[292],"distinguish":[293],"clustered":[294],"retesting,":[295],"persistence,":[296],"reactivation":[297],"or":[298,309],"chromosomal":[299],"integration.":[300],"Interpretation":[301],"requires":[302],"prior":[303],"history":[305],"linked":[307],"clinical":[308],"quantitative":[310],"virological":[311],"data.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
