{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225808716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","title":"Ethics, Power, and Governance: A Qualitative Inquiry into Faculty Misconduct in Bangladeshi Higher Education","display_name":"Ethics, Power, and Governance: A Qualitative Inquiry into Faculty Misconduct in Bangladeshi Higher Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225808716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11535290/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11535290/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140263803","display_name":"Md. Azizur Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Azizur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5140263803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776603611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348417","display_name":"Academic dishonesty","level":3,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778796478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10964327","display_name":"Cronyism","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901966","display_name":"Rivalry","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780587575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875295","display_name":"Misconduct","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414706","display_name":"Academic freedom","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776675952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2185242","display_name":"Corporatization","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919978","display_name":"Prestige","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11535290/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11535290/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11535290/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225808716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225808716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543166800","https://openalex.org/W2147111138","https://openalex.org/W2161905785","https://openalex.org/W2164596918","https://openalex.org/W2344512149","https://openalex.org/W2623415857","https://openalex.org/W2805490620","https://openalex.org/W2808721509","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W3035986960","https://openalex.org/W3084697502","https://openalex.org/W4235614088","https://openalex.org/W4294287192","https://openalex.org/W4297359437","https://openalex.org/W4298413470","https://openalex.org/W4411258701"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,128,298],"qualitative":[2],"phenomenological":[3,138,271],"study":[4,129,256],"aims":[5],"to":[6,8,62,107,167,246,258,291],"contribute":[7,245],"the":[9,13,16,45,53,58,68,92,109,173,191,213,220,247,259,274,284,293],"existing":[10],"lacunae":[11],"in":[12,27,52,96,165,190,219,239,252,266,295,306],"literature":[14],"on":[15,85,91,125,263,283],"prevalence":[17,248],"of":[18,24,32,49,57,60,70,94,100,172,195,215,249,261],"moral":[19,264],"hazard":[20,265],"and":[21,47,80,116,135,148,159,162,186,199,207,223,236,242,287],"unprofessional":[22,250],"conduct":[23,251],"faculty":[25,113,229],"members":[26,114,230],"Bangladesh":[28,166,296],"universities.":[29,192,297],"The":[30,193,255],"phenomenon":[31,194],"academic":[33,86,126,267],"impropriety":[34],"has":[35],"been":[36],"increasingly":[37],"documented":[38],"as":[39,120,122,202],"a":[40,105,131,137,301],"key":[41],"concern":[42],"that":[43,178,227],"threatens":[44],"quality":[46],"integrity":[48],"higher":[50,63,253],"education":[51,163,221],"country.":[54],"In":[55,141,233],"spite":[56],"expansion":[59],"access":[61],"education,":[64],"several":[65],"universities":[66],"face":[67],"challenge":[69],"elitism,":[71],"favoritism,":[72,196],"marking":[73],"malpractices,":[74],"political":[75,184,197],"manipulation,":[76],"absenteeism,":[77],"sexual":[78],"harassment,":[79],"private":[81,208,243],"tutoring.":[82],"Previous":[83],"studies":[84,305],"dishonesty":[87],"have":[88],"mainly":[89],"focused":[90],"role":[93],"students":[95],"perpetrating":[97],"various":[98],"forms":[99],"malpractice.":[101],"However,":[102],"there":[103],"is":[104,210],"need":[106],"understand":[108],"mechanisms":[110,218,289],"by":[111,183,212,269],"which":[112],"facilitate":[115],"perpetuate":[117],"these":[118],"activities,":[119],"well":[121],"their":[123],"impacts":[124],"governance.":[127],"adopted":[130],"positivist":[132],"research":[133,139,174],"philosophy":[134],"employed":[136],"design.":[140],"this":[142],"respect,":[143],"30":[144],"In-Depth":[145],"Interviews":[146],"(IDIs)":[147],"6":[149],"Focus":[150],"Group":[151],"Discussions":[152],"(FGDs)":[153],"were":[154],"conducted":[155],"with":[156],"students,":[157],"junior":[158],"senior":[160],"teachers,":[161],"policymakers":[164],"generate":[168],"an":[169],"in-depth":[170],"understanding":[171],"problem.":[175],"Findings":[176],"indicate":[177],"teacher":[179],"misbehaviors":[180],"are":[181],"facilitated":[182],"patronage":[185],"internal":[187],"governance":[188,286],"challenges":[189],"affiliations,":[198],"malpractices":[200],"such":[201],"student":[203],"tracking,":[204],"grade":[205],"inflation,":[206],"tutoring":[209],"exacerbated":[211],"lack":[214],"effective":[216],"auditing":[217,288],"system":[222],"institutional":[224,285],"power":[225],"resources":[226],"shield":[228],"from":[231],"scrutiny.":[232],"addition,":[234],"commercialization":[235],"professional":[237],"rivalry":[238],"both":[240],"public":[241],"institutions":[244],"education.":[254],"adds":[257],"body":[260],"knowledge":[262],"settings":[268],"providing":[270],"insights":[272],"into":[273],"ethical":[275],"hazarding":[276],"process.":[277],"It":[278],"also":[279],"provides":[280],"policy":[281],"recommendations":[282],"needed":[290],"address":[292],"issue":[294],"might":[299],"set":[300],"foundation":[302],"for":[303],"similar":[304],"other":[307],"countries.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
