{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225808380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","title":"Utility Score Mapping From DASS-21 to EQ-5D-5L, SF-6Dv2, and CORE-6D","display_name":"Utility Score Mapping From DASS-21 to EQ-5D-5L, SF-6Dv2, and CORE-6D","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225808380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015338947","display_name":"Thomas G. Poder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-096X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-096X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738143","display_name":"Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/03zyxxj44","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256986","display_name":"Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04rgqcd02","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405256986","https://openalex.org/I4405257837","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas G. Poder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de recherche de l\u2019IUSMM, CIUSSS de l\u2019Est de l\u2019\u00cele de Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada","Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-096X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019IUSMM, CIUSSS de l\u2019Est de l\u2019\u00cele de Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073169744","display_name":"Hosein Ameri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-034X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-034X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738143","display_name":"Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/03zyxxj44","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256986","display_name":"Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04rgqcd02","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405256986","https://openalex.org/I4405257837","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosein Ameri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de recherche de l\u2019IUSMM, CIUSSS de l\u2019Est de l\u2019\u00cele de Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada","Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019IUSMM, CIUSSS de l\u2019Est de l\u2019\u00cele de Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184314375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117995","display_name":"Probit","level":2,"score":0.5242000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188649462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246261","display_name":"Generalized least squares","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70259352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1847839","display_name":"Robust regression","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41587187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501882","display_name":"Generalized linear model","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129963666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105857","display_name":"Small area estimation","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70339092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100715","display_name":"Ordered probit","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000002396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539382539","https://openalex.org/W1965742808","https://openalex.org/W1970908877","https://openalex.org/W1974623561","https://openalex.org/W1990166011","https://openalex.org/W2016210396","https://openalex.org/W2025781576","https://openalex.org/W2034053307","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2077562320","https://openalex.org/W2087604552","https://openalex.org/W2090425320","https://openalex.org/W2092052931","https://openalex.org/W2094993869","https://openalex.org/W2116769108","https://openalex.org/W2118921796","https://openalex.org/W2126570638","https://openalex.org/W2136440701","https://openalex.org/W2141674457","https://openalex.org/W2149509382","https://openalex.org/W2150637118","https://openalex.org/W2159759971","https://openalex.org/W2405193268","https://openalex.org/W2473786944","https://openalex.org/W2588304308","https://openalex.org/W2766487143","https://openalex.org/W2766753514","https://openalex.org/W2786590497","https://openalex.org/W2791735926","https://openalex.org/W2800520957","https://openalex.org/W2807967268","https://openalex.org/W2889779979","https://openalex.org/W2974811546","https://openalex.org/W3021685831","https://openalex.org/W3046781372","https://openalex.org/W3111512677","https://openalex.org/W3159085565","https://openalex.org/W4321615283","https://openalex.org/W4388657306","https://openalex.org/W4405356256"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"develop":[2],"algorithms":[3,150],"mapping":[4,65,73,164],"the":[5,12,17,24,48,67,104,116,127,131,148,162,166,200,208,213,237,242],"Depression":[6],"Anxiety":[7],"Stress":[8],"Scale-21":[9],"(DASS-21)":[10],"onto":[11],"EuroQol":[13],"5-Dimension":[14],"5-level":[15],"(EQ-5D-5L),":[16],"Short-Form":[18],"6-Dimension":[19,30],"version":[20],"2":[21],"(SF-6Dv2),":[22],"and":[23,45,60,66,93,124,137,156,202,228],"Clinical":[25],"Outcomes":[26],"in":[27,52,140,179,194],"Routine":[28],"Evaluation":[29],"(CORE-6D).":[31],"Methods:":[32],"An":[33],"online":[34],"survey":[35],"was":[36,81,165],"conducted":[37],"to":[38,41,102,119,125,176,181,224],"collect":[39],"responses":[40],"DASS-21,":[42],"EQ-5D-5L,":[43,226],"SF-6Dv2,":[44,227],"CORE-6D":[46,157,229],"from":[47,207,230],"general":[49],"adult":[50],"population":[51],"Quebec,":[53],"Canada":[54],"(N=6,414).":[55],"Ordinary":[56],"least":[57],"squares":[58],"(OLS)":[59],"beta-mixture":[61,209],"models":[62,118,146,210,221],"for":[63,71,151,169,199],"direct":[64],"ordered":[68],"probit":[69],"(OPROBIT)":[70],"response":[72,163],"were":[74,100,147,222],"used.":[75],"Using":[76],"a":[77],"cross-validation,":[78],"predictive":[79],"performance":[80],"assessed":[82],"by":[83],"mean":[84,89],"absolute":[85,94],"error":[86,91,95],"(MAE),":[87],"root":[88],"square":[90],"(RMSE),":[92],"(AE).":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"Bland-Altman":[98],"plots":[99],"used":[101],"assess":[103],"distribution":[105],"of":[106,244],"observed":[107,132,214,238],"versus":[108],"predicted":[109],"utilities.":[110],"We":[111],"also":[112],"simulated":[113,205],"utilities":[114,123,178,193],"using":[115],"estimated":[117],"predict":[120],"unobserved":[121],"individual-level":[122],"compare":[126],"resulting":[128],"distributions":[129,206],"with":[130],"data,":[133,215],"thereby":[134],"supporting":[135,241],"robust":[136],"realistic":[138],"applications":[139],"economic":[141],"evaluations.":[142],"Results:":[143],"The":[144,204],"beta-mix":[145],"best-performing":[149],"EQ-5D-5L":[152,201],"(MAE=0.0950,":[153],"RMSE=0.1521,":[154],"AE>0.10=28.22%)":[155],"(MAE=0.1000,":[158],"RMSE=0.1445,":[159],"AE>0.10=32.71%),":[160],"while":[161,190],"best":[167],"model":[168],"SF-6Dv2":[170],"(MAE=0.1240,":[171],"RMSE=0.1681,":[172],"AE>0.10=47.40%).":[173],"Models":[174],"tended":[175],"underestimate":[177],"mild":[180],"moderately":[182],"severe":[183,196],"health":[184,197],"states":[185,198],"across":[186],"all":[187],"3":[188],"instruments,":[189],"they":[191],"overestimated":[192],"more":[195,245],"SF-6Dv2.":[203],"closely":[211],"resembled":[212],"although":[216],"differences":[217],"remained.":[218],"Conclusion:":[219],"Mapping":[220],"developed":[223],"estimate":[225],"DASS-21.":[231],"Linear":[232],"regression":[233],"could":[234],"not":[235],"reproduce":[236],"utility":[239],"distribution,":[240],"use":[243],"flexible":[246],"specifications.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}