{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225807654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","title":"Gender Differences in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index and Health-Related Mediators Among Young and Early Midlife Finns","display_name":"Gender Differences in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index and Health-Related Mediators Among Young and Early Midlife Finns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225807654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132832212","display_name":"Emma J\u00e4rvensivu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Jarvensivu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8160-5279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120148256","display_name":"Lari J\u00e4rvensivu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6697-0987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6697-0987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lari Jarvensivu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6697-0987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161418827","display_name":"Morris Viitanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5309-5835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5309-5835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morris Viitanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5309-5835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084406578","display_name":"Ossi Rahkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-3274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-3274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ossi Rahkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-3274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045922521","display_name":"Tea M. Lallukka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-3129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-3129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tea Lallukka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-3129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.16329999268054962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13861","display_name":"Health and Lifestyle Studies","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7814000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778089274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243069","display_name":"Red meat","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778899633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349358","display_name":"Sedentary lifestyle","level":3,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781253360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130149","display_name":"Screen time","level":3,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987526018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213449","display_name":"Food consumption","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779543058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4200712","display_name":"Mass index","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987988905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349358","display_name":"Sedentary behavior","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.10.26367699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Socioeconomic":[1,251],"differences":[2,17,25],"in":[3,26,61,170,253],"body":[4],"mass":[5],"index":[6],"(BMI)":[7],"are":[8,260],"well":[9,95],"established,":[10],"but":[11,177],"less":[12,178],"is":[13,292],"known":[14],"about":[15],"gender":[16,24],"and":[18,33,35,39,75,83,86,90,92,102,115,140,158,164,167,202,210,212,227,243,259,289],"their":[19],"behavioral":[20],"pathways.":[21],"We":[22,46,105],"examined":[23,77],"the":[27,43,51,54,76],"association":[28],"between":[29,266],"socioeconomic":[30],"position":[31],"(SEP)":[32],"BMI,":[34],"whether":[36],"dietary":[37],"factors":[38],"physical":[40,99],"activity":[41,100],"mediated":[42],"associations.":[44],"Methods:":[45],"used":[47],"survey":[48],"data":[49],"from":[50,132,141],"employees":[52],"of":[53,56,81,156,162],"City":[55],"Helsinki":[57],"aged":[58],"19-39":[59],"collected":[60],"2017":[62],"(n":[63],"=":[64],"4,400,":[65],"80%":[66],"women).":[67],"SEP":[68,150],"was":[69,151,188],"measured":[70],"by":[71,121,200],"highest":[72],"educational":[73,127],"attainment,":[74,128],"mediators":[78,224],"were":[79,225],"consumption":[80,155,161,204,215,230],"fruit":[82,157,201],"vegetables,":[84,159],"red":[85,163,211,226,288],"processed":[87,165,213,228,290],"meat,":[88,166],"sweets":[89],"confectionery":[91],"alcohol":[93],"as":[94,96],"leisure-time":[97],"vigorous":[98],"(VPA)":[101],"sedentary":[103,236,278],"time.":[104],"conducted":[106],"gender-specific":[107],"multiple":[108,119],"mediation":[109],"analyses":[110,117],"using":[111,118],"structural":[112],"equation":[113],"modeling":[114],"additional":[116],"imputation":[120],"chained":[122],"equations.":[123],"Results:":[124],"With":[125],"increasing":[126],"mean":[129],"BMI":[130,254],"decreased":[131],"26.4":[133],"kg/m2":[134,137,143,146],"to":[135,144],"24.0":[136],"among":[138,147,186,257,273,284],"women,":[139,275],"26.6":[142],"25.2":[145],"men.":[148,181,286],"Lower":[149],"associated":[152],"with":[153],"lower":[154,168],"higher":[160],"VPA":[169,179,189,244,269],"both":[171,295],"genders.":[172,267,296],"Women":[173],"reported":[174],"healthier":[175],"diets":[176],"than":[180],"The":[182],"strongest":[183],"SEP-BMI":[184],"mediator":[185],"women":[187,258],"(indirect":[190],"effect:":[191],"0.35,":[192],"95%":[193,206,217,232,239,246],"confidence":[194],"interval":[195],"(CI)":[196],"0.26,":[197],"0.44),":[198],"followed":[199],"vegetable":[203],"(0.15,":[205],"CI":[207,218,233,240,247],"0.08,":[208],"0.23)":[209],"meat":[214,229,291],"(0.06,":[216],"0.02,":[219,248],"0.11).":[220],"Among":[221],"men,":[222],"significant":[223],"(0.12,":[231],"0.03,":[234],"0.23),":[235],"time":[237,279],"(0.11,":[238],"0.01,":[241],"0.24)":[242],"(0.10,":[245],"0.21).":[249],"Conclusions:":[250],"inequalities":[252],"appear":[255],"stronger":[256],"shaped":[261],"through":[262],"partly":[263],"different":[264],"mechanisms":[265],"Improving":[268],"may":[270,280],"be":[271,281],"relevant":[272,283],"low-SEP":[274,285],"whereas":[276],"reducing":[277],"more":[282],"Reducing":[287],"beneficial":[293],"for":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}