{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225805124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","title":"Chemical composition characteristics and potential source areas of PM\u2082.\u2085 across different pollution levels in a typical industrial basin city of northern China","display_name":"Chemical composition characteristics and potential source areas of PM\u2082.\u2085 across different pollution levels in a typical industrial basin city of northern China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225805124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161468442","display_name":"Hong Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94310126","display_name":"Shanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zd3ta61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161482180","display_name":"Tianyu Lv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94310126","display_name":"Shanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zd3ta61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161438668","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94310126","display_name":"Shanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zd3ta61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161468442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.7576000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.6751999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901","display_name":"Ammonium","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16810429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6036601","display_name":"Inorganic ions","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780925461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191831","display_name":"Ammonium sulfate","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7225750","display_name":"Pollution prevention","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1969631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485504984","https://openalex.org/W1600830215","https://openalex.org/W1972322328","https://openalex.org/W1997560023","https://openalex.org/W2004479151","https://openalex.org/W2030049685","https://openalex.org/W2040113717","https://openalex.org/W2085890497","https://openalex.org/W2096750955","https://openalex.org/W2111369201","https://openalex.org/W2116507044","https://openalex.org/W2130042267","https://openalex.org/W2134849484","https://openalex.org/W2140137657","https://openalex.org/W2150009788","https://openalex.org/W2181798172","https://openalex.org/W2316370978","https://openalex.org/W2435368322","https://openalex.org/W2485441208","https://openalex.org/W2511522235","https://openalex.org/W2515141256","https://openalex.org/W2551005902","https://openalex.org/W2970171283","https://openalex.org/W2979380693","https://openalex.org/W3015878420","https://openalex.org/W3017537452","https://openalex.org/W3081289969","https://openalex.org/W3141772296","https://openalex.org/W3159692401","https://openalex.org/W3164454610","https://openalex.org/W3206132344","https://openalex.org/W3217344811","https://openalex.org/W4214776829","https://openalex.org/W4283447414","https://openalex.org/W4285089823","https://openalex.org/W4293355099","https://openalex.org/W4386186718","https://openalex.org/W4399697092","https://openalex.org/W4407226607","https://openalex.org/W7154943138","https://openalex.org/W7162300702"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"PM2.5":[1],"pollution":[2,19,56],"persists":[3],"in":[4,39,78,126,215,312],"industrial":[5,80,197],"basin":[6,81],"cities":[7],"of":[8,14,29,43,67,71,103,137,207,227,274,302],"northern":[9,44],"China,":[10,45],"yet":[11],"the":[12,40,65,69,97,104,108,127,134,175,192,196,216,235,241,292,299,324],"evolution":[13,70],"its":[15,75],"chemical":[16,33],"composition":[17,34,73,279],"across":[18,54,323],"levels":[20,57],"remains":[21],"unclear.":[22],"Methods":[23],"Based":[24],"on":[25,118],"one":[26],"year":[27],"(2025)":[28],"PM\u2082.\u2085":[30,72,138],"monitoring":[31],"and":[32,51,58,74,94,145,154,171,195,212,260,265,309,315],"data":[35],"for":[36,101,272,319],"Linfen":[37,256],"City":[38],"Fenwei":[41,325],"Plain":[42],"this":[46],"study":[47],"characterized":[48],"water-soluble":[49,98],"ions":[50],"carbonaceous":[52],"components":[53],"five":[55],"examined":[59],"a":[60],"representative":[61],"heavy-pollution":[62,278],"episode,":[63],"with":[64],"aim":[66],"clarifying":[68],"exposure":[76],"relevance":[77],"an":[79,205],"city.":[82],"Results":[83],"Secondary":[84],"inorganic":[85],"aerosols":[86],"(SIA:":[87],"SO\u2084":[88],"2\u2212":[89],",":[90,93,189],"NO\u2083":[91],"\u2212":[92],"NH\u2084\u207a)":[95],"dominated":[96],"ions,":[99],"accounting":[100],"85.19%":[102],"total":[105,109],"ionic":[106],"concentration;":[107],"SIA":[110,135],"concentration":[111],"increased":[112,149,249],"from":[113,139,150,155,232,254],"5.32":[114],"\u03bcg":[115,123,186,285],"m":[116,124,187,286],"\u22123":[117,125,188,287],"excellent":[119],"days":[120],"to":[121,141,152,157,184,238,282],"85.69":[122],"single":[128],"valid":[129],"heavily":[130],"polluted":[131,242],"sample,":[132],"raising":[133],"share":[136],"32.88%":[140],"55.29%.":[142],"The":[143,221,277],"sulfur":[144],"nitrogen":[146],"oxidation":[147],"ratios":[148],"0.214":[151],"0.757":[153],"0.059":[156],"0.525,":[158],"respectively,":[159],"indicating":[160],"intensified":[161],"secondary":[162,222,303],"transformation,":[163],"although":[164],"these":[165],"increases":[166],"partly":[167],"reflected":[168],"declining":[169],"SO\u2082":[170],"NO\u2082":[172],"concentrations":[173],"during":[174,234,240],"Spring":[176],"Festival":[177],"holiday,":[178],"when":[179],"firework":[180],"emissions":[181],"(K\u207a":[182],"up":[183],"15.41":[185],"29":[190],"times":[191,291],"annual":[193],"mean)":[194],"shutdown":[198],"complicated":[199],"source":[200],"attribution.":[201],"Ion-balance":[202],"calculations":[203],"showed":[204],"excess":[206],"ammonium":[208],"equivalents":[209,214],"over":[210],"sulfate":[211],"nitrate":[213],"reported":[217],"summaries":[218],"(CE/AE":[219],"1.12\u20131.43).":[220],"organic":[223,228,246],"carbon":[224,229,247],"(SOC)":[225],"fraction":[226],"(OC)":[230],"decreased":[231],"52.53%":[233],"clean":[236],"period":[237,243],"45.41%":[239],"as":[244],"primary":[245],"(POC)":[248],"more":[250],"rapidly.":[251],"Backward":[252],"trajectories":[253],"southern":[255],"(Cluster":[257,267],"1,":[258],"38.94%)":[259],"pathways":[261],"extending":[262],"toward":[263],"Shaanxi":[264],"Ningxia":[266],"3,":[268],"27.43%)":[269],"jointly":[270],"accounted":[271],"66.37%":[273],"trajectories.":[275],"Conclusion":[276],"sample":[280],"corresponded":[281],"approximately":[283],"155":[284],"p.m.\u2082.\u2085,":[288],"about":[289],"ten":[290],"WHO":[293],"24-h":[294],"guideline.":[295],"These":[296],"results":[297],"quantify":[298],"coupled":[300],"roles":[301],"formation,":[304],"combustion":[305],"emissions,":[306],"regional":[307],"transport,":[308],"holiday":[310],"effects":[311],"basin-city":[313],"haze":[314],"provide":[316],"exposure-relevant":[317],"evidence":[318],"coordinated":[320],"air-quality":[321],"management":[322],"Plain.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
