{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225804393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","title":"Independent and Joint Associations of the Planetary Health Diet Index and Triglyceride\u2010Glucose Index With Mortality and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: NHANES 2005\u20132018","display_name":"Independent and Joint Associations of the Planetary Health Diet Index and Triglyceride\u2010Glucose Index With Mortality and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: NHANES 2005\u20132018","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225804393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1096/fj.202602939rr","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25293849","display_name":"The FASEB Journal","issn_l":"0892-6638","issn":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The FASEB Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101517937","display_name":"Cong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6568-9226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6568-9226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117527","display_name":"Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01whmzn59","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7648-183X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101644279","display_name":"Yanqiong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-4027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-4027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117527","display_name":"Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01whmzn59","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqiong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161433021","display_name":"Shuangshuang Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117527","display_name":"Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01whmzn59","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangshuang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hospital Infection Management Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hospital Infection Management Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161430416","display_name":"Zhiyu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117527","display_name":"Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01whmzn59","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery Xuhui District Central Hospital  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161430416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117527"],"apc_list":{"value":3740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"22","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.8550999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.8087000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777654188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16947724","display_name":"National Death Index","level":4,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072001","descriptor_name":"Diet, Healthy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1096/fj.202602939rr","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202602939rr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25293849","display_name":"The FASEB Journal","issn_l":"0892-6638","issn":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The FASEB Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43012649","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1854568755","https://openalex.org/W2411583672","https://openalex.org/W2909678677","https://openalex.org/W3005359126","https://openalex.org/W3010470113","https://openalex.org/W3127474258","https://openalex.org/W3138930222","https://openalex.org/W3164030169","https://openalex.org/W3205202331","https://openalex.org/W4223924173","https://openalex.org/W4224209727","https://openalex.org/W4283753490","https://openalex.org/W4285727636","https://openalex.org/W4295073546","https://openalex.org/W4311989904","https://openalex.org/W4323809907","https://openalex.org/W4382199757","https://openalex.org/W4383199562","https://openalex.org/W4386331806","https://openalex.org/W4387663954","https://openalex.org/W4390599461","https://openalex.org/W4391617630","https://openalex.org/W4399566480","https://openalex.org/W4400268289","https://openalex.org/W4400841074","https://openalex.org/W4401984108","https://openalex.org/W4404913165","https://openalex.org/W4405673386","https://openalex.org/W4407064895","https://openalex.org/W4408110765","https://openalex.org/W4409453995","https://openalex.org/W4412773977","https://openalex.org/W4415166078"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"Planetary":[1],"Health":[2,93],"Diet":[3],"Index":[4],"(PHDI)":[5],"reflects":[6],"adherence":[7],"to":[8],"a":[9,21,243],"healthy":[10],"and":[11,29,34,52,57,68,94,126,128,138,143,166,182,214,239,251,266,281,304,341,365],"sustainable":[12],"dietary":[13],"pattern,":[14],"whereas":[15,109,209,260,316],"the":[16,50,58,91,154,160,164,210,234,237,249,261,282,293,339,350],"triglyceride-glucose":[17],"(TyG)":[18],"index":[19,60],"is":[20],"surrogate":[22],"marker":[23],"of":[24,55,174,200,246,307],"insulin":[25],"resistance.":[26],"Their":[27],"independent":[28,51],"joint":[30,53,146,235,283],"associations":[31,54,263],"with":[32,41,61,73,86,159,171,197,224,264,292,300,312,319,329,346],"mortality":[33,63,66,107],"prevalent":[35,69,110,135,201,228,267,308,333],"cardiovascular":[36,65],"disease":[37],"(CVD)":[38],"among":[39,71,310],"adults":[40,72,81,311],"overweight":[42,74,87,313],"or":[43,75,88,227,276,314,332,357],"obesity":[44,89],"remain":[45],"insufficiently":[46],"characterized.":[47],"To":[48],"investigate":[49],"PHDI":[56,137,162,192,213,297,364],"TyG":[59,139,219,324],"all-cause":[62],"(ACM),":[64],"(CVM),":[67],"CVD":[70,111,202,229,268,309,334],"obesity.":[76],"This":[77],"study":[78],"included":[79],"6443":[80],"aged":[82],"\u2265":[83],"40":[84],"years":[85],"from":[90,361],"National":[92],"Nutrition":[95],"Examination":[96],"Survey":[97],"(NHANES)":[98],"2005-2018.":[99],"Mortality":[100],"outcomes":[101],"were":[102,122,140,169,269],"assessed":[103,113],"longitudinally":[104],"using":[105],"linked":[106],"records,":[108],"was":[112,132,194,216,220,279,298,321,325,344],"cross-sectionally":[114],"at":[115],"baseline.":[116],"Survey-weighted":[117],"Cox":[118],"proportional":[119],"hazards":[120],"models":[121],"used":[123,133],"for":[124,134],"ACM":[125,175,265,302],"CVM,":[127,226,331],"survey-weighted":[129],"logistic":[130],"regression":[131],"CVD.":[136],"evaluated":[141],"individually":[142],"in":[144],"four":[145],"groups":[147],"defined":[148],"by":[149],"their":[150],"weighted":[151],"medians.":[152],"In":[153,233],"fully":[155],"adjusted":[156],"model,":[157],"compared":[158,291],"lowest":[161],"quartile,":[163],"third":[165],"fourth":[167],"quartiles":[168],"associated":[170,196,223,299,328,345],"lower":[172,198,244,301,305,347],"risks":[173],"(HR":[176,254],"=":[177,184,204,255],"0.76,":[178],"95%":[179,186,206,257],"CI:":[180,187,207,258],"0.62-0.94;":[181],"HR":[183],"0.74,":[185],"0.58-0.95,":[188],"respectively).":[189],"highest":[191],"quartile":[193],"also":[195],"odds":[199,306],"(OR":[203],"0.60,":[205],"0.45-0.81),":[208],"association":[211,318],"between":[212],"CVM":[215,247,320,348],"less":[217,322],"consistent.":[218,323],"not":[221,270,286,326,353],"significantly":[222,287,327],"ACM,":[225,330],"after":[230,335],"full":[231,336],"adjustment.":[232,337],"analysis,":[236],"High-PHDI":[238,340],"Low-TyG":[240,342],"group":[241,253,343],"had":[242],"risk":[245,303],"than":[248],"Low-PHDI":[250],"High-TyG":[252],"0.52,":[256],"0.30-0.89),":[259],"corresponding":[262],"statistically":[271],"significant.":[272],"No":[273],"significant":[274,355],"additive":[275],"multiplicative":[277],"interaction":[278,356],"observed,":[280],"model":[284],"did":[285,352],"improve":[288],"prognostic":[289,359],"discrimination":[290,360],"individual":[294],"indicators.":[295],"Higher":[296],"obesity,":[315],"its":[317],"Although":[338],"risk,":[349],"findings":[351],"support":[354],"improved":[358],"jointly":[362],"considering":[363],"TyG.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
