{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225803673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","title":"Flexural and Shear Behaviour of Post-Tensioned Paper-Tube Voided Slabs and a Design Criterion for Tendon Substitution","display_name":"Flexural and Shear Behaviour of Post-Tensioned Paper-Tube Voided Slabs and a Design Criterion for Tendon Substitution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225803673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065724911","display_name":"Inkwan Paik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22586776","display_name":"Cheongju University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx4na66","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inkwan Paik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161434574","display_name":"Seongju Maeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22586776","display_name":"Cheongju University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx4na66","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongju Maeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139579136","display_name":"Sungho Yun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kwangjang Structural Company, Seoul 06657, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kwangjang Structural Company, Seoul 06657, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133147319","display_name":"Dongkwan Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22586776","display_name":"Cheongju University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx4na66","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongkwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chunjee Corporation, Asan-si 31457, Republic of Korea","Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chunjee Corporation, Asan-si 31457, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068561666","display_name":"\uae40\ub300\uacbd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22586776","display_name":"Cheongju University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx4na66","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daekyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chunjee Corporation, Asan-si 31457, Republic of Korea","Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chunjee Corporation, Asan-si 31457, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029552869","display_name":"Seunguk Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-4765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-4765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seunguk Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si 16890, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-4765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si 16890, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029552869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4495","last_page":"4495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.728600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113740112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5904738","display_name":"Slab","level":2,"score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6376000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232358","display_name":"Tendon","level":2,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73099012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459050","display_name":"Flexural rigidity","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145991859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561445","display_name":"Load cell","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126950237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7964839","display_name":"Structural load","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752323","display_name":"Formwork","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90296322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619776","display_name":"Concentric","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22140971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7492174","display_name":"Shear force","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127893833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7492185","display_name":"Shear strength (soil)","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66743075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091301","display_name":"Neutral axis","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967613610","https://openalex.org/W1997488291","https://openalex.org/W2005607565","https://openalex.org/W2009788990","https://openalex.org/W2013205524","https://openalex.org/W2043790895","https://openalex.org/W2051072482","https://openalex.org/W2051839972","https://openalex.org/W2076252538","https://openalex.org/W2086638134","https://openalex.org/W2090090372","https://openalex.org/W2094856720","https://openalex.org/W2095192444","https://openalex.org/W2097221370","https://openalex.org/W2099061251","https://openalex.org/W2125925032","https://openalex.org/W2156237425","https://openalex.org/W2167882116","https://openalex.org/W2172497523","https://openalex.org/W2317162248","https://openalex.org/W2522651982","https://openalex.org/W2790833404","https://openalex.org/W2795274244","https://openalex.org/W2807931567","https://openalex.org/W2902906994","https://openalex.org/W2908043102","https://openalex.org/W2912658687","https://openalex.org/W2914672448","https://openalex.org/W2952651330","https://openalex.org/W2982494244","https://openalex.org/W2998814939","https://openalex.org/W3009168742","https://openalex.org/W3010317289","https://openalex.org/W3015386848","https://openalex.org/W3027049488","https://openalex.org/W3040645214","https://openalex.org/W3089366327","https://openalex.org/W3094575952","https://openalex.org/W3120631471","https://openalex.org/W3130298577","https://openalex.org/W4224071030","https://openalex.org/W4224318132","https://openalex.org/W4225275098","https://openalex.org/W4281649603","https://openalex.org/W4281670337","https://openalex.org/W4281727164","https://openalex.org/W4383820195","https://openalex.org/W4388723457","https://openalex.org/W4392378747","https://openalex.org/W4406724870","https://openalex.org/W4409852080","https://openalex.org/W4410919119"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voided":[0],"slabs":[1],"reduce":[2],"self-weight":[3],"by":[4,98,183,194],"removing":[5],"concrete":[6,112],"near":[7,114],"the":[8,12,24,27,69,84,105,115,127,131,141,158,163,188],"neutral":[9,116],"axis,":[10],"but":[11],"interaction":[13],"between":[14],"continuous":[15,202],"cylindrical":[16,203],"voids":[17,25,80,204],"and":[18,30,47,53,60,73,134,185,196],"post-tensioning":[19],"remains":[20],"poorly":[21],"understood":[22],"because":[23,126],"restrict":[26],"tendon":[28,132],"position,":[29],"hence,":[31],"its":[32,136],"available":[33],"lever":[34,137],"arm.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"examines":[38],"32":[39],"full-scale":[40],"one-way":[41],"slab":[42],"specimens,":[43],"comprising":[44],"20":[45],"flexural":[46,109],"12":[48],"shear":[49,161,214],"tests,":[50],"with":[51,104],"solid":[52,164],"paper-tube":[54],"voided":[55,173],"sections,":[56],"three":[57],"formwork":[58],"configurations,":[59],"post-tensioned":[61],"variants.":[62],"Archived":[63],"load":[64,97,125,182],"records":[65],"were":[66],"reconciled":[67],"against":[68],"raw":[70],"load-cell":[71],"signal":[72],"cross-checked":[74],"using":[75],"reinforcement-strain":[76],"measurements.":[77],"In":[78,157],"flexure,":[79],"occupying":[81],"33\u201342%":[82],"of":[83,108],"gross":[85],"section":[86],"as":[87],"drawn":[88],"(22.7\u201334.9%":[89],"on":[90,101],"a":[91],"nominal":[92],"two-tube":[93],"basis)":[94],"changed":[95],"peak":[96,124,181,192,213],"only":[99],"+3.7%":[100],"average,":[102],"consistent":[103],"limited":[106],"sensitivity":[107],"strength":[110],"to":[111,140,152,191],"removal":[113],"axis.":[117],"Post-tensioning":[118],"produced":[119],"no":[120],"systematic":[121],"increase":[122],"in":[123,167,176],"tube":[128],"geometry":[129],"restricted":[130],"depth":[133],"reduced":[135,180],"arm":[138],"relative":[139],"bars":[142],"it":[143],"replaced.":[144],"A":[145],"closed-form,":[146],"section-level":[147],"screening":[148],"check":[149],"was":[150],"developed":[151],"quantify":[153],"this":[154],"geometric":[155],"limitation.":[156],"two":[159],"controlled":[160],"pairs,":[162],"specimens":[165],"yielded":[166],"flexure":[168],"before":[169],"peak,":[170],"whereas":[171,187],"their":[172],"companions":[174],"failed":[175],"diagonal":[177],"tension;":[178],"voiding":[179],"19.2%":[184],"38.0%,":[186],"measured":[189],"work":[190],"decreased":[193],"81.9%":[195],"91.3%.":[197],"These":[198],"results":[199],"indicate":[200],"that":[201],"may":[205],"impair":[206],"pre-peak":[207],"deformation":[208],"capacity":[209],"more":[210],"severely":[211],"than":[212],"resistance":[215],"at":[216],"low":[217],"shear-span-to-depth":[218],"ratios.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
