{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225801097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","title":"Anatomical Validity of MRI-Based Choroid Plexus Segmentation: Regional Boundaries, Age-Related Morphology, and Implications for Neuroimaging Biomarkers","display_name":"Anatomical Validity of MRI-Based Choroid Plexus Segmentation: Regional Boundaries, Age-Related Morphology, and Implications for Neuroimaging Biomarkers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225801097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16223721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084242836","display_name":"Michele Cerasuolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0198-8238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0198-8238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799748957","display_name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/011dvr318","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799748957","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michele Cerasuolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Networks Morphology & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy","Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1575 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0198-8238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Networks Morphology & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1575 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2799748957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161438559","display_name":"Francesco Spada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801846703","display_name":"Beaumont Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/043mzjj67","country_code":"IE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801846703"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Spada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, D09 V2N0\u00a0Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, D09 V2N0\u00a0Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801846703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078298616","display_name":"Umberto Galdiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148332","display_name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjgt059","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148332","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umberto Galdiero","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210148332","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117065881","display_name":"Nicholas Giulio Raccagni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4814-7690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4814-7690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Giulio Raccagni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4814-7690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116468171","display_name":"Simone Laguardia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5303-3451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5303-3451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Laguardia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5303-3451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152306579","display_name":"Gary Antonio Barahona Rodriguez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Antonio Barahona Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084242836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I197809005","https://openalex.org/I2799748957"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"3721","last_page":"3721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776538271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926250","display_name":"Choroid plexus","level":3,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182752723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional imaging","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105572291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002775","display_name":"Neurovascular bundle","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779988585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204920","display_name":"Plexus","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103378370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948647","display_name":"Neuroanatomy","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16223721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16223721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16223721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584808750","https://openalex.org/W2010693006","https://openalex.org/W2013793387","https://openalex.org/W2061769617","https://openalex.org/W2081401978","https://openalex.org/W2624156656","https://openalex.org/W2787246109","https://openalex.org/W3010298166","https://openalex.org/W3126290390","https://openalex.org/W3157400350","https://openalex.org/W3200269154","https://openalex.org/W4302293220","https://openalex.org/W4306178922","https://openalex.org/W4306253593","https://openalex.org/W4323317043","https://openalex.org/W4323567714","https://openalex.org/W4353015179","https://openalex.org/W4385476655","https://openalex.org/W4389805233","https://openalex.org/W4390126535","https://openalex.org/W4390706250","https://openalex.org/W4391124922","https://openalex.org/W4392294054","https://openalex.org/W4392813871","https://openalex.org/W4393227005","https://openalex.org/W4394578453","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4399125735","https://openalex.org/W4400298214","https://openalex.org/W4400303860","https://openalex.org/W4401323433","https://openalex.org/W4402831313","https://openalex.org/W4403673243","https://openalex.org/W4404830567","https://openalex.org/W4405080027","https://openalex.org/W4405866773","https://openalex.org/W4408025503","https://openalex.org/W4409224581","https://openalex.org/W4409411716","https://openalex.org/W4412195733","https://openalex.org/W4412451609","https://openalex.org/W4412583705","https://openalex.org/W4412658584","https://openalex.org/W4413327624","https://openalex.org/W4414183234","https://openalex.org/W4414204581","https://openalex.org/W4414912851","https://openalex.org/W4416586703","https://openalex.org/W7131402933","https://openalex.org/W7136076448","https://openalex.org/W7152454045","https://openalex.org/W7154237960","https://openalex.org/W7160176861","https://openalex.org/W7164888672","https://openalex.org/W7167614619","https://openalex.org/W7167825638","https://openalex.org/W7220723869","https://openalex.org/W7221509848"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"resonance":[1],"imaging":[2],"(MRI)-derived":[3],"choroid":[4],"plexus":[5],"(ChP)":[6],"volume":[7,155],"is":[8,78],"increasingly":[9],"investigated":[10],"in":[11,28,125],"studies":[12],"of":[13,46,139,184,190],"brain":[14],"aging":[15],"and":[16,33,43,59,62,67,90,93,104,129,136,152,186,192,195],"neurodegeneration,":[17],"yet":[18],"its":[19,87],"anatomical":[20,41,102,117],"meaning":[21],"remains":[22],"uncertain":[23],"because":[24],"segmentation":[25],"methods":[26],"differ":[27],"ventricular":[29,53,72,95],"coverage,":[30],"image":[31],"contrast,":[32],"reference":[34,103],"annotations.":[35],"This":[36],"narrative":[37],"review":[38],"examines":[39],"the":[40,75,91,101,137,159],"basis":[42],"methodological":[44],"validity":[45],"ChP":[47,143,175],"volumetry":[48,176],"by":[49],"integrating":[50],"evidence":[51],"on":[52,83,100,178],"anatomy,":[54],"age-related":[55,121],"tissue":[56,161],"changes,":[57],"manual":[58],"automated":[60],"segmentation,":[61],"associations":[63],"with":[64,108,148],"cognitive":[65,150],"impairment":[66],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[68,153],"disease.":[69],"The":[70],"lateral":[71],"ChP,":[73],"particularly":[74],"atrial":[76],"glomus,":[77],"generally":[79],"easier":[80],"to":[81,174],"delineate":[82],"conventional":[84],"MRI":[85,134],"than":[86],"thin":[88],"extensions":[89],"third":[92],"fourth":[94],"components.":[96],"Segmentation":[97],"performance":[98],"depends":[99],"acquisition":[105],"protocol;":[106],"agreement":[107],"manually":[109],"drawn":[110],"masks":[111],"does":[112],"not":[113],"necessarily":[114],"establish":[115,164],"complete":[116],"coverage.":[118],"In":[119],"addition,":[120],"vascular":[122],"remodeling,":[123],"changes":[124],"stromal":[126],"composition,":[127],"calcification,":[128],"cystic":[130],"alterations":[131],"can":[132],"affect":[133],"appearance":[135],"interpretation":[138],"total":[140],"volume.":[141],"Although":[142],"enlargement":[144],"has":[145],"been":[146],"associated":[147],"aging,":[149],"impairment,":[151],"disease,":[154],"alone":[156],"cannot":[157],"identify":[158],"contributing":[160],"compartments":[162],"or":[163],"blood\u2013cerebrospinal":[165],"fluid":[166],"barrier":[167],"dysfunction.":[168],"We":[169],"propose":[170],"an":[171],"anatomy-centered":[172],"approach":[173],"based":[177],"explicit":[179],"regional":[180],"definitions,":[181],"complementary":[182],"measures":[183],"spatial":[185],"volumetric":[187],"accuracy,":[188],"assessment":[189],"test\u2013retest":[191],"multicenter":[193],"reliability,":[194],"independent":[196],"biological":[197],"validation":[198],"when":[199],"functional":[200],"interpretations":[201],"are":[202],"intended.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
