{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225798258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","title":"Association between student-endorsed diversity norms and school adjustment: multilevel analysis of PISA 2018 across 34 countries/regions","display_name":"Association between student-endorsed diversity norms and school adjustment: multilevel analysis of PISA 2018 across 34 countries/regions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225798258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736464149","display_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","issn_l":"2196-0739","issn":["2196-0739"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009000887","display_name":"Shiang-Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-7077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-7077"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiang-Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112528329","display_name":"Charly Massa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charly Massa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12545","display_name":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","score":0.17219999432563782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12545","display_name":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","score":0.17219999432563782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13521","display_name":"Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth","score":0.1720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13063","display_name":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","score":0.09390000253915787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.7024000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992879847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel modelling","level":3,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777301881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5844396","display_name":"Multicultural education","level":3,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90048612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192989","display_name":"Acculturation","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780304933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3273263","display_name":"Cultural pluralism","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179077568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336254","display_name":"Social norms approach","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736464149","display_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","issn_l":"2196-0739","issn":["2196-0739"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-026-00333-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736464149","display_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","issn_l":"2196-0739","issn":["2196-0739"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Large-scale Assessments in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948404134","https://openalex.org/W1988523598","https://openalex.org/W1992036396","https://openalex.org/W2007427236","https://openalex.org/W2022276698","https://openalex.org/W2028871521","https://openalex.org/W2037248510","https://openalex.org/W2057659248","https://openalex.org/W2068756772","https://openalex.org/W2075457981","https://openalex.org/W2086059573","https://openalex.org/W2091662046","https://openalex.org/W2103901158","https://openalex.org/W2118002774","https://openalex.org/W2124596021","https://openalex.org/W2127395557","https://openalex.org/W2129368568","https://openalex.org/W2139075905","https://openalex.org/W2163995972","https://openalex.org/W2169430877","https://openalex.org/W2263796036","https://openalex.org/W2462191693","https://openalex.org/W2524093256","https://openalex.org/W2524378717","https://openalex.org/W2560687937","https://openalex.org/W2792758563","https://openalex.org/W2894591810","https://openalex.org/W2913182778","https://openalex.org/W2944339144","https://openalex.org/W2947655140","https://openalex.org/W3005321893","https://openalex.org/W3013856969","https://openalex.org/W3037017497","https://openalex.org/W3087453210","https://openalex.org/W3165355890","https://openalex.org/W4232801221","https://openalex.org/W4236026005","https://openalex.org/W4237007432","https://openalex.org/W4238546805","https://openalex.org/W4245120974","https://openalex.org/W4310960899","https://openalex.org/W4386800984","https://openalex.org/W4391255897","https://openalex.org/W4393200215","https://openalex.org/W4403163007","https://openalex.org/W4405189371","https://openalex.org/W4407238711","https://openalex.org/W4408932283"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Research":[2],"has":[3,26,43],"shown":[4],"that":[5,242],"school":[6,93,160,178,198,212,317,334],"climates":[7,319],"characterized":[8],"by":[9,245],"equality,":[10],"inclusion,":[11],"and":[12,20,62,68,95,134,140,147,151,167,180,184,200,223,248,282,291,307,320,328],"multiculturalism":[13],"are":[14,90,301],"associated":[15],"with":[16,33,177,188,197,205,217],"more":[17,267],"positive":[18,175,186,195],"academic":[19,65,189,201,257,306,327],"psychological":[21,73,261,308],"outcomes.":[22,272],"However,":[23],"prior":[24],"work":[25],"focused":[27],"mainly":[28],"on":[29],"school-level":[30,148,303],"diversity":[31,39,60,138,280,294,299,318],"approaches,":[32],"less":[34],"attention":[35],"to":[36,101],"students\u2019":[37],"collective":[38],"norms.":[40],"Additionally,":[41],"evidence":[42],"largely":[44],"come":[45],"from":[46,110],"Western":[47],"single-country":[48],"samples.":[49],"Aims":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"examines":[53,86],"associations":[54,89,136,164,176,187,196,216,243,277],"between":[55,137,165,278],"two":[56],"forms":[57],"of":[58,276,293,305,316],"student-endorsed":[59,279],"norms\u2014multicultural":[61],"equality/inclusion":[63,227,264],"norms\u2014and":[64],"performance":[66,202,258],"(math":[67],"reading)":[69],"as":[70,72,313],"well":[71],"adjustment":[74,283],"(school":[75],"belonging,":[76],"attitudes":[77,181,206,218,236],"toward":[78,182,207,219,237],"learning)":[79],"across":[80,122,270,286],"multiple":[81],"national":[82],"contexts.":[83],"It":[84],"also":[85],"whether":[87,96,159],"these":[88],"indirect":[91,230],"through":[92],"belonging":[94,161,179,199,213],"cross-national":[97,254],"patterns":[98,269],"vary":[99],"according":[100],"the":[102,111,130,274],"OECD":[103],"migration-context":[104],"typology.":[105],"Sample":[106],"Data":[107],"were":[108],"drawn":[109],"2018":[112],"Programme":[113],"for":[114,129,144,163,215,226,235,256,260,324],"International":[115],"Student":[116],"Assessment,":[117],"comprising":[118],"273,623":[119],"15-year-old":[120],"students":[121],"34":[123],"countries/regions.":[124],"Methods":[125],"Multilevel":[126,155],"modeling":[127],"accounted":[128,162,214],"nested":[131],"data":[132],"structure":[133],"estimated":[135],"norms":[139,166,171,192,251,265,281,300],"student":[141],"outcomes,":[142],"controlling":[143],"student-level":[145],"covariates":[146],"immigrant":[149],"proportion":[150],"school-average":[152],"socioeconomic":[153],"status.":[154],"mediation":[156],"analyses":[157,240],"examined":[158],"adjustment.":[168],"Results":[169],"Multicultural":[170],"showed":[172,193,252,266],"very":[173],"small":[174,194],"learning,":[183,220],"moderate":[185],"performance.":[190],"Equality/inclusion":[191],"but":[203],"not":[204],"learning.":[208,238],"For":[209],"multicultural":[210,250],"norms,":[211,228],"math":[221],"performance,":[222],"reading":[224],"performance;":[225],"this":[229],"association":[231],"was":[232],"observed":[233],"only":[234],"Cross-national":[239],"indicated":[241],"varied":[244],"norm":[246],"type":[247],"outcome:":[249],"greater":[253],"generalizability":[255],"than":[259],"adjustment,":[262,309],"whereas":[263],"context-dependent":[268],"all":[271],"Overall,":[273],"strength":[275],"differed":[284],"systematically":[285],"migration":[287],"contexts,":[288],"institutional":[289],"frameworks,":[290],"stages":[292],"integration.":[295],"Conclusions":[296],"Students''":[297],"endorsed":[298],"important":[302],"correlates":[304],"highlighting":[310],"their":[311,321],"relevance":[312],"a":[314],"dimension":[315],"potential":[322],"importance":[323],"supporting":[325],"students''":[326],"psychosocial":[329],"development":[330],"in":[331],"increasingly":[332],"diverse":[333],"environments.":[335]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
