{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225797372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","title":"General practitioners\u2019 perspectives on treatment decisions and interprofessional care for women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections: An exploratory qualitative study","display_name":"General practitioners\u2019 perspectives on treatment decisions and interprofessional care for women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections: An exploratory qualitative study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225797372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045779140","display_name":"Andreas Plate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-5479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-5479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Plate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-5479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157441175","display_name":"Nathalie Heinz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2070-5938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2070-5938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Heinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2070-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161444496","display_name":"Thivjan Thiruchelvam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thivjan Thiruchelvam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004498867","display_name":"Carla Meyer\u2010Massetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-5729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-5729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carla Meyer-Massetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pharmacology PKI, University of Bern","Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pharmacology PKI, University of Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102901517","display_name":"Stephen Philip Jenkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-7082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-7082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Jenkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161442026","display_name":"Corinne Steinbr\u00fcchel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinne Steinbr\u00fcchel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Health Centres of the City of Zurich GFA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Health Centres of the City of Zurich GFA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005525431","display_name":"Daniel Drewniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-0339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-0339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Drewniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074999394","display_name":"Stefan Neuner\u2010Jehle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-8148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-8148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161941770","display_name":"University of Lucerne","ror":"https://ror.org/00kgrkn83","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161941770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Neuner-Jehle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich","University of Luzern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luzern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161941770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010123826","display_name":"Oliver Senn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-7250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-7250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Senn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-7250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"e0362328","last_page":"e0362328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11497","display_name":"Interprofessional Education and Collaboration","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.7462999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.6547999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781318095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33127638","display_name":"General practice","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907655","display_name":"Patient experience","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2024546329","https://openalex.org/W2083367548","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2804207600","https://openalex.org/W2990852880","https://openalex.org/W2998272434","https://openalex.org/W3004747168","https://openalex.org/W3038977214","https://openalex.org/W3092660108","https://openalex.org/W3098211656","https://openalex.org/W3179712540","https://openalex.org/W4283775630","https://openalex.org/W4302028492","https://openalex.org/W4390773753","https://openalex.org/W4392285159","https://openalex.org/W4399261313","https://openalex.org/W4400657272","https://openalex.org/W4403733214","https://openalex.org/W4410497903","https://openalex.org/W4411234711","https://openalex.org/W4414085450","https://openalex.org/W4414609046","https://openalex.org/W7156716153","https://openalex.org/W7160532959"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Antibiotic-sparing":[1],"strategies,":[2,170],"such":[3],"as":[4],"delayed":[5],"prescribing":[6,175,253],"or":[7],"symptomatic":[8],"therapy,":[9],"can":[10],"reduce":[11],"antibiotic":[12,174],"use":[13],"in":[14,23,44,67,73,89,138,213,280],"uncomplicated":[15,71,108],"urinary":[16],"tract":[17],"infections":[18],"(UTIs),":[19],"yet":[20],"their":[21,77,126,136],"implementation":[22],"primary":[24,281],"care":[25,48,208,223,261,276],"remains":[26],"inconsistent.":[27],"Within":[28],"this":[29],"context,":[30],"non-physician":[31,83],"medical":[32,84],"staff":[33,85,190],"within":[34],"general":[35,61,139],"practices":[36],"and":[37,47,54,75,86,119,135,157,177,186,200,202,207,238,255,268,277],"community":[38,87],"pharmacies":[39,88],"play":[40],"increasingly":[41],"important":[42],"roles":[43,81],"patient":[45,183],"counselling":[46,201],"coordination,":[49],"potentially":[50],"shaping":[51],"treatment":[52,55,65],"expectations":[53],"decisions.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58,100],"investigated":[59],"how":[60],"practitioners":[62],"(GPs)":[63],"make":[64],"decisions":[66],"the":[68,80,214,251,259],"management":[69,248],"of":[70,82,216],"UTIs":[72],"women":[74,106],"examined":[76],"views":[78],"on":[79,160],"supporting":[90],"antibiotic-sparing":[91,169,246],"management.":[92,162],"Methods":[93],"We":[94],"conducted":[95],"an":[96],"exploratory":[97],"qualitative":[98],"interview":[99],"with":[101,107,168,231],"GPs":[102,124,164,211],"who":[103],"regularly":[104],"manage":[105],"UTIs.":[109],"Virtual,":[110],"semi-structured":[111],"interviews":[112],"were":[113,116,133,178],"conducted.":[114],"Interviews":[115],"transcribed":[117],"verbatim":[118],"analyzed":[120],"thematically.":[121],"Results":[122],"Fifteen":[123],"participated;":[125],"mean":[127],"age":[128],"was":[129,224],"46.6":[130],"years,":[131],"53.3%":[132],"female,":[134],"experience":[137,167],"practice":[140,205],"ranged":[141],"from":[142],"5":[143],"to":[144,229,235],"25":[145],"years.":[146],"The":[147,242],"thematic":[148],"analysis":[149],"generated":[150],"six":[151],"themes":[152],"capturing":[153],"clinical,":[154],"relational,":[155],"practical,":[156],"interprofessional":[158],"influences":[159],"UTI":[161,193,247],"Most":[163],"reported":[165],"prior":[166],"but":[171],"thresholds":[172],"for":[173],"varied":[176],"shaped":[179,257],"by":[180],"clinical":[181],"factors,":[182],"expectations,":[184],"trust,":[185],"practical":[187],"constraints.":[188],"Practice":[189],"already":[191],"influenced":[192],"management,":[194],"both":[195],"directly":[196],"through":[197,204],"triage,":[198],"testing,":[199],"indirectly":[203],"routines":[206],"pathways,":[209],"while":[210],"differed":[212],"degree":[215],"professional":[217,239,264],"autonomy":[218],"they":[219],"considered":[220],"appropriate.":[221],"Pharmacy-based":[222],"often":[225],"only":[226],"partly":[227],"visible":[228],"GPs,":[230],"experiences":[232],"varying":[233],"according":[234],"local":[236],"relationships":[237],"roles.":[240],"Discussion":[241],"findings":[243],"suggest":[244],"that":[245],"extends":[249],"beyond":[250],"GP":[252],"decision":[254],"is":[256],"across":[258],"broader":[260],"pathway.":[262],"Clearer":[263],"roles,":[265],"appropriate":[266],"training,":[267],"feasible":[269],"communication":[270],"structures":[271],"may":[272],"support":[273],"more":[274],"coordinated":[275],"antimicrobial":[278],"stewardship":[279],"care.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}