{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225797246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","title":"Gravitational Lensing by Cosmic Strings at Capped Tension: Image Separations, Shear Steps, and Survey Reach","display_name":"Gravitational Lensing by Cosmic Strings at Capped Tension: Image Separations, Shear Steps, and Survey Reach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225797246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68498078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185243","display_name":"Gravitational lens","level":4,"score":0.7735000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170442971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431196","display_name":"Cosmic string","level":3,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38437897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624558","display_name":"Strong gravitational lensing","level":5,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190670322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13073796","display_name":"Weak gravitational lensing","level":4,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186068551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13255585","display_name":"Tension (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33026886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593950","display_name":"Rotational symmetry","level":2,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271879","display_name":"Circular symmetry","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153465967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718647","display_name":"Angular diameter","level":3,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20059206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912471","display_name":"Einstein ring","level":5,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125125069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028022","display_name":"Gravitational microlensing","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138125448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17018930","display_name":"Gravitational lensing formalism","level":5,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195407617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647152","display_name":"Shape of the universe","level":4,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"computes":[2],"a":[3,61,76,83,96,110,115,118,135,176,179],"consequence":[4],"of":[5,16,26,64,78,99,106,112,138],"the":[6,13,23,37,54,88,102,125,160],"torsion-regulated":[7],"bounce":[8],"for":[9],"topological":[10],"defects,":[11],"using":[12],"density":[14],"ceiling":[15,103],"9.718e+54":[17],"grams":[18],"per":[19],"cubic":[20],"centimetre":[21],"and":[22,69,146,173],"maximum":[24],"temperature":[25],"3.278e+22":[27],"kelvin":[28],"that":[29,107],"follows":[30],"from":[31,166],"it.":[32],"The":[33,162],"deficit":[34],"angle":[35],"at":[36,60,67,71,91,141],"capped":[38],"tension":[39,89,108],"is":[40,44,57,132,164,175],"1.091e-18":[41],"radians,":[42],"which":[43],"2.251e-13":[45,70],"arcseconds":[46,59],"before":[47],"projection.":[48],"Projected":[49],"through":[50],"cosmological":[51],"lens":[52],"geometry":[53],"image":[55],"separation":[56],"5.627e-14":[58],"distance":[62],"ratio":[63],"0.25,":[65],"1.125e-13":[66],"0.5,":[68],"unity.":[72],"A":[73],"survey":[74],"resolving":[75],"tenth":[77],"an":[79],"arcsecond":[80],"could":[81],"detect":[82],"string":[84],"pair":[85],"only":[86],"if":[87],"were":[90],"least":[92],"3.858e-08,":[93],"corresponding":[94],"to":[95],"symmetry":[97],"scale":[98],"2.398e+15":[100],"GeV;":[101],"falls":[104],"short":[105],"by":[109,129],"factor":[111],"8.886e+11.":[113],"Even":[114],"hypothetical":[116],"instrument":[117],"thousand":[119],"times":[120],"sharper":[121],"would":[122],"not":[123,134,178],"reach":[124],"predicted":[126],"separation.":[127],"Lensing":[128],"individual":[130],"strings":[131],"therefore":[133],"viable":[136],"test":[137],"this":[139],"framework":[140],"any":[142],"foreseeable":[143],"angular":[144],"resolution,":[145],"non-detections":[147],"in":[148],"lensing":[149],"surveys,":[150],"while":[151],"valuable":[152],"as":[153],"general":[154],"bounds,":[155],"carry":[156],"no":[157],"information":[158],"about":[159],"ceiling.":[161],"calculation":[163],"performed":[165],"stated":[167],"assumptions":[168],"with":[169],"all":[170],"arithmetic":[171],"deposited,":[172],"it":[174],"computation,":[177],"measurement.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}