{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225797026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","title":"The Demand Avoidance and Autonomy Questionnaire (DAAQ): Development of a new measure of demand avoidance","display_name":"The Demand Avoidance and Autonomy Questionnaire (DAAQ): Development of a new measure of demand avoidance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225797026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059933612","display_name":"Noelle E. Carlozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-9429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-9429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noelle E. Carlozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-9429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076505238","display_name":"Jin\u2010Shei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-2537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-2537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Shei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115824058","display_name":"Wendy L Lombard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7721-1286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7721-1286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy L. Lombard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7721-1286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075114526","display_name":"Jonathan P. Troost","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-8330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-8330"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan P. Troost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019952436","display_name":"CHRISTOPHER M. GRAVES","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8862-0508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8862-0508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Graves","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033953647","display_name":"Jennifer Ann Miner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-1121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-1121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer A. Miner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-1121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034465609","display_name":"Madison Fansher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-4337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-4337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison Fansher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120464278","display_name":"Casey Ehrlich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casey Ehrlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["At Peace Parents"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At Peace Parents","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"e0345827","last_page":"e0345827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6639000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121244757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783487","display_name":"Convergent validity","level":4,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.45730000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7813368","display_name":"Toileting","level":3,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198999979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159115","display_name":"Concurrent validity","level":4,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20685875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239678","display_name":"Predictive validity","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120107772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168554","display_name":"Discriminant validity","level":4,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779275509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266332","display_name":"Compulsive behavior","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116156595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185137","display_name":"Demand characteristics","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146854351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433910","display_name":"Self-determination theory","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1033651084","https://openalex.org/W1964395517","https://openalex.org/W1992996953","https://openalex.org/W2000013306","https://openalex.org/W2000594564","https://openalex.org/W2003336625","https://openalex.org/W2025055606","https://openalex.org/W2028337741","https://openalex.org/W2036384654","https://openalex.org/W2049863008","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2071934951","https://openalex.org/W2091673534","https://openalex.org/W2096488267","https://openalex.org/W2118415569","https://openalex.org/W2121350900","https://openalex.org/W2132653311","https://openalex.org/W2133097426","https://openalex.org/W2152212215","https://openalex.org/W2156920995","https://openalex.org/W2162548254","https://openalex.org/W2793922655","https://openalex.org/W2903830563","https://openalex.org/W2944434778","https://openalex.org/W2982098356","https://openalex.org/W2998809149","https://openalex.org/W3172713081","https://openalex.org/W3185719429","https://openalex.org/W4242883546","https://openalex.org/W4254972346","https://openalex.org/W4280646086","https://openalex.org/W4389885477","https://openalex.org/W4393371162","https://openalex.org/W4402564024","https://openalex.org/W4403641109","https://openalex.org/W4405012314"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Pathological":[1],"demand":[2,9,281,306],"avoidance":[3,10,36,307],"(PDA;":[4],"also":[5],"described":[6],"as":[7,52,186,188,271,336,365,367],"persistent/extreme":[8],"or":[11],"a":[12,18,27,53,143,294,360],"pervasive":[13],"drive":[14],"for":[15,224,303],"autonomy)":[16],"is":[17,49],"complex,":[19],"debated":[20],"construct.":[21],"It":[22],"most":[23],"often":[24],"refers":[25],"to":[26,121,300,327],"pattern":[28],"of":[29,37,55,74,100,138,200,323,359,376],"behavior":[30,363],"characterized":[31],"by":[32,71,260],"intense":[33],"distress":[34],"and":[35,40,45,48,77,94,110,117,126,155,163,171,175,192,217,230,232,235,255,287,304,310,314,325,338,355,357,370,390,397],"both":[38],"external":[39],"internal":[41],"demands":[42],"across":[43,203],"home":[44],"community":[46],"settings":[47],"frequently":[50],"discussed":[51],"profile":[54,146],"autism":[56],"spectrum":[57],"disorder":[58],"(ASD).":[59],"Progress":[60],"toward":[61],"resolving":[62],"the":[63,72,86,114,151,207,253,318,321,377],"scientific":[64],"controversy":[65,319],"around":[66],"PDA":[67,83,145,324,362],"has":[68],"been":[69],"limited":[70,98],"lack":[73],"consensus":[75],"definitions":[76],"robust":[78],"clinical":[79,315],"measurement":[80,298,349],"tools.":[81],"Existing":[82],"measures":[84,159,342],"(e.g.,":[85,273,394],"Extreme":[87],"Demand":[88,115],"Avoidance":[89,116],"Questionnaire;":[90],"EDA-Q/EDA-8)":[91],"have":[92],"conceptual":[93],"psychometric":[95],"limitations,":[96],"including":[97],"assessment":[99],"functional":[101],"impact":[102,372],"on":[103],"basic":[104,284,368],"needs":[105,285,369],"(i.e.,":[106],"hygiene,":[107],"eating,":[108],"sleeping)":[109],"toileting.":[111],"We":[112],"developed":[113],"Autonomy":[118],"Questionnaire":[119],"(DAAQ)":[120],"capture":[122],"PDA-relevant":[123],"behavioral":[124],"expression":[125],"basic-needs":[127],"impacts":[128],"using":[129],"contemporary":[130],"measurement-development":[131],"methods.":[132],"Methods":[133],"Self-identified":[134],"adult":[135],"parents/legal":[136],"guardians":[137],"children":[139,278,309],"aged":[140],"4\u201317":[141],"with":[142,252,264,279,340],"suspected":[144],"(N":[147],"=":[148],"707)":[149],"completed":[150],"DAAQ":[152,275,330],"60-item":[153],"pool":[154],"other":[156],"parent":[157,233],"proxy":[158],"(EDA-8,":[160],"CAST,":[161],"SDQ,":[162],"PROMIS":[164],"Parent":[165],"Proxy\u2013Global":[166],"Health).":[167],"Analyses":[168],"included":[169],"exploratory":[170],"confirmatory":[172],"factor":[173,364],"analyses":[174],"item":[176,183,222],"response":[177,180],"theory":[178],"(graded":[179],"models),":[181],"differential":[182],"functioning":[184,223],"(DIF),":[185],"well":[187,366],"reliability,":[189],"convergent/discriminant":[190],"validity,":[191,356],"known-groups":[193],"validity.":[194],"Results":[195],"Factor":[196],"analysis":[197],"supported":[198,248,259],"retention":[199],"36":[201],"items":[202,242],"three":[204],"factors":[205,373],"in":[206,240,312,384],"DAAQ:":[208],"Behavioral":[209],"Expression":[210],"(20":[211],"items),":[212,216],"Basic":[213],"Needs":[214],"(10":[215],"Toileting":[218],"(6":[219],"items).":[220],"Differential":[221],"child":[225],"age,":[226],"education,":[227],"school":[228],"type,":[229],"sex;":[231],"age":[234],"education":[236],"did":[237],"not":[238,333],"result":[239],"any":[241],"being":[243],"deleted.":[244],"Convergent":[245],"validity":[246,257,393,396],"was":[247,258],"via":[249],"moderate":[250],"correlations":[251],"EDA-8,":[254],"discriminant":[256],"generally":[261],"negligible-to-small":[262],"associations":[263,339],"prespecified":[265],"measures.":[266],"Known-groups":[267],"comparisons":[268],"differentiated":[269],"groups":[270],"hypothesized":[272],"higher":[274,280],"scores":[276,331],"among":[277,308],"avoidance,":[282],"greater":[283],"difficulties,":[286],"co-occurring":[288],"ASD).":[289],"Conclusions":[290],"This":[291],"paper":[292],"describes":[293],"new,":[295],"methodologically":[296],"sound":[297],"tool":[299],"facilitate":[301],"screening":[302],"characterizing":[305],"adolescents":[311],"research":[313],"settings.":[316],"Given":[317],"surrounding":[320],"existence":[322],"how":[326],"classify":[328],"it,":[329],"should":[332,343,381],"be":[334,344],"interpreted":[335,345],"diagnostic,":[337],"autism-screening":[341],"cautiously.":[346],"The":[347],"rigorous":[348],"development":[350],"approach,":[351],"strong":[352],"preliminary":[353],"reliability":[354],"inclusion":[358],"general":[361],"toileting":[371],"are":[374],"strengths":[375],"DAAQ.":[378],"Future":[379],"work":[380],"evaluate":[382],"performance":[383],"clinician-characterized":[385],"samples,":[386],"develop":[387],"self-report":[388],"versions,":[389],"further":[391],"assess":[392],"predictive":[395],"sensitivity/specificity).":[398]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
