{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225796501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","title":"Prediction of long-term mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients using machine learning survival models: a prospective multicenter study with SHAP-based interpretation","display_name":"Prediction of long-term mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients using machine learning survival models: a prospective multicenter study with SHAP-based interpretation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225796501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161449280","display_name":"Xiao Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161316286","display_name":"Yaya Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaya Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128553496","display_name":"Zhiqiang Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094836","display_name":"Ganzhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00r398124","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nephrology Department, Ganzhou People\u2019s Hospital, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nephrology Department, Ganzhou People\u2019s Hospital, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094836","https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161480965","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123540827","display_name":"Ziyang You","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161461923","display_name":"Shenglin Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenglin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161489806","display_name":"Yumin Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huadu District People\u2019s Hospital of Guangzhou"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huadu District People\u2019s Hospital of Guangzhou","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161328577","display_name":"Yongxin Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165315","display_name":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tv5ra11","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["People\u2019s Hospital of Yuxi City"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People\u2019s Hospital of Yuxi City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100563016","display_name":"Yanhong Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165315","display_name":"Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tv5ra11","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["People\u2019s Hospital of Yuxi City"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People\u2019s Hospital of Yuxi City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102002420","display_name":"Yaozhong Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-6023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-6023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105740","display_name":"First People's Hospital of Foshan","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqwmh55","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105740"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaozhong Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People\u2019s Hospital of Foshan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Foshan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057620126","display_name":"Qijun Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-4015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-4015","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-1333","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8822-2844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Second People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Second People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161477607","display_name":"Sheng Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University Affiliated Nanhai Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University Affiliated Nanhai Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161480831","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nephrology Department, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nephrology Department, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161312370","display_name":"Aiqun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088873","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0050r1b65","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088873"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiqun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160044572","display_name":"Fanna Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162753","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d5vvz89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162753"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanna Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060552645","display_name":"Min Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-2077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-2077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098034","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00swtqp09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Kidney and Urological Diseases, Nanfang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060552645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098034","https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391744","display_name":"Hemodialysis","level":2,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34626388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721129","display_name":"Nomogram","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202301","display_name":"Dialysis","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992435398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934595","display_name":"Multicenter study","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Survival rate","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1956147/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225796501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225796501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996978408","https://openalex.org/W2002174011","https://openalex.org/W2008751252","https://openalex.org/W2018081819","https://openalex.org/W2024617256","https://openalex.org/W2026864628","https://openalex.org/W2030500620","https://openalex.org/W2059513418","https://openalex.org/W2062624311","https://openalex.org/W2080791146","https://openalex.org/W2086615343","https://openalex.org/W2094810295","https://openalex.org/W2129261645","https://openalex.org/W2132872400","https://openalex.org/W2150078273","https://openalex.org/W2165689184","https://openalex.org/W2566349240","https://openalex.org/W2753919178","https://openalex.org/W2804586924","https://openalex.org/W2888432230","https://openalex.org/W2983377757","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3006454387","https://openalex.org/W3033828922","https://openalex.org/W3049297405","https://openalex.org/W3074864365","https://openalex.org/W3165759105","https://openalex.org/W4213281001","https://openalex.org/W4283764853","https://openalex.org/W4296131356","https://openalex.org/W4389486147","https://openalex.org/W4389490766","https://openalex.org/W4402403865","https://openalex.org/W4403065485","https://openalex.org/W4404869222","https://openalex.org/W4409875901","https://openalex.org/W4412066754","https://openalex.org/W4412458000","https://openalex.org/W4413882266","https://openalex.org/W7155609145","https://openalex.org/W7168187006"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Accurate":[1],"and":[2,20,31,64,79,89,96,154,188,209,226],"interpretable":[3,200],"prediction":[4,93],"of":[5,114,140,149,179],"long-term":[6,216],"mortality":[7,217],"in":[8,47,220],"maintenance":[9],"hemodialysis":[10],"(MHD)":[11],"patients":[12,42,118],"remains":[13],"challenging.":[14],"This":[15,35],"study":[16],"aimed":[17],"to":[18,52,105,177,195],"develop":[19],"externally":[21],"validate":[22],"machine":[23,84],"learning":[24,85],"survival":[25,83,134,181],"models":[26,86],"integrating":[27,203],"clinical,":[28,206],"nutritional,":[29,207],"inflammatory,":[30,208],"anthropometric":[32,210],"predictors.":[33],"Methods":[34],"prospective":[36,227],"multicenter":[37],"cohort":[38],"included":[39],"1,129":[40],"MHD":[41,221],"from":[43],"eight":[44],"dialysis":[45],"centers":[46],"China.":[48],"Patients":[49],"were":[50,74,87,103,122],"allocated":[51],"training":[53],"(":[54,60,68],"n":[55,61,69],"=":[56,62,70],"645),":[57],"internal":[58],"validation":[59,225],"274),":[63],"independent":[65],"external":[66,129,224],"test":[67,130],"210)":[71],"cohorts.":[72],"Predictors":[73],"selected":[75,123],"using":[76],"LASSO\u2013Cox":[77],"regression":[78],"Survival":[80],"Boruta.":[81],"Five":[82],"developed":[88],"evaluated":[90],"for":[91,124,215],"discrimination,":[92],"error,":[94],"calibration,":[95,169],"clinical":[97,228],"utility.":[98],"SHapley":[99],"Additive":[100],"exPlanations":[101],"(SHAP)":[102],"used":[104],"interpret":[106],"model":[107,125,196,202],"predictions.":[108,197],"Results":[109],"During":[110],"a":[111,138,145],"median":[112],"follow-up":[113],"4.53":[115],"years,":[116],"603":[117],"died.":[119],"14":[120],"predictors":[121,211],"development.":[126],"In":[127],"the":[128,155,162,192],"cohort,":[131],"gradient":[132],"boosting":[133],"analysis":[135,184],"(GBS)":[136],"achieved":[137],"C-index":[139],"0.748":[141],"(95%":[142,151],"CI,":[143,152],"0.705\u20130.790),":[144],"5-year":[146],"time-dependent":[147],"AUC":[148],"0.799":[150],"0.726\u20130.861)":[153],"lowest":[156],"integrated":[157],"Brier":[158],"score":[159],"(0.141)":[160],"among":[161],"five":[163],"models.":[164],"GBS":[165,201],"also":[166],"demonstrated":[167,212],"reasonable":[168],"although":[170],"its":[171],"discrimination":[172],"was":[173],"not":[174],"significantly":[175],"superior":[176],"that":[178],"random":[180],"forest.":[182],"SHAP":[183],"identified":[185],"age,":[186],"prealbumin":[187],"diabetes":[189],"mellitus":[190],"as":[191],"leading":[193],"contributors":[194],"Conclusion":[198],"An":[199],"routinely":[204],"available":[205],"promising":[213],"performance":[214],"risk":[218],"stratification":[219],"patients.":[222],"Further":[223],"evaluation":[229],"are":[230],"warranted.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
