{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225795200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","title":"Bioinformatic screening and experimental validation of programmed cell death\u2013linked genes in lung adenocarcinoma","display_name":"Bioinformatic screening and experimental validation of programmed cell death\u2013linked genes in lung adenocarcinoma","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225795200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069459707","display_name":"Xuebing Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-9666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-9666"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuebing Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074099865","display_name":"Zebiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-8654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-8654"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zebiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161444440","display_name":"Mingquan Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109761651","display_name":"Zhun Shu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhun Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161470970","display_name":"Ping Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114122252","display_name":"Wenli Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenli Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161480394","display_name":"Xiaohui Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114122252","https://openalex.org/A5161480394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12334","display_name":"Lung Cancer Research Studies","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12334","display_name":"Lung Cancer Research Studies","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.3822999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776415932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48743","display_name":"Western blot","level":3,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85265743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885458","display_name":"Blot","level":3,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34626388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721129","display_name":"Nomogram","level":2,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6929976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771881","display_name":"Regulator","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177707886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48520","display_name":"Northern blot","level":4,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545481","display_name":"Surgical oncology","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48023723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198","display_name":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-17345-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Lung":[2],"cancer":[3],"remains":[4],"the":[5,61,80,114,154,226,298],"primary":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,28,40,63,117,220,243,300],"cancer-related":[9],"mortality":[10],"worldwide":[11],"and":[12,31,59,88,124,134,148,160,175,188,205,232,252,294,311],"is":[13,24],"characterized":[14],"by":[15,215,229,234],"highly":[16],"aggressive":[17],"biological":[18],"behavior.":[19],"Programmed":[20],"cell":[21,131,246,262],"death":[22],"(PCD)":[23],"a":[25,238],"key":[26],"regulator":[27],"tumor":[29],"development":[30],"has":[32],"been":[33],"increasingly":[34],"recognized":[35],"as":[36,177,321],"an":[37],"important":[38],"determinant":[39],"response":[41],"to":[42,74,98,141,152,314],"immunotherapy.":[43],"Accordingly,":[44],"investigating":[45],"PCD-related":[46],"mechanisms":[47],"in":[48,76,199,241,248,334],"lung":[49],"adenocarcinoma":[50],"(LUAD)":[51],"may":[52],"provide":[53],"valuable":[54],"information":[55],"about":[56],"disease":[57],"progression":[58],"facilitate":[60],"identification":[62],"novel":[64],"therapeutic":[65],"targets.":[66],"Methods":[67],"To":[68,112],"find":[69,99],"differentially":[70,102],"expressed":[71,103],"genes":[72,104,307],"linked":[73,107,313],"PCD":[75,101],"LUAD,":[77,301],"data":[78],"from":[79],"Gene":[81],"Expression":[82],"Omnibus":[83],"(GEO)":[84],"(GSE117570,":[85],"GSE140797,":[86],"GSE118370)":[87],"TCGA":[89],"(TCGA-LUAD)":[90],"were":[91,96,139,150,207,213],"examined.":[92],"Machine":[93],"learning":[94],"techniques":[95],"employed":[97,140],"hub":[100,118,170,259],"with":[105,258],"significantly":[106,197,208],"LUAD":[108,161,182,200,249],"features":[109],"(hub":[110],"LUAD-PCDDEGs).":[111],"evaluate":[113],"diagnostic":[115,122,179,329],"capacity":[116],"LUAD-PCDDEGs,":[119],"we":[120,163],"developed":[121],"nomograms":[123],"receiver":[125],"operating":[126],"characteristic":[127],"curves.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"immune":[130,245],"infiltration":[132,242,254],"analysis":[133,138],"gene":[135],"set":[136],"enrichment":[137],"identify":[142],"underlying":[143],"molecular":[144],"pathways.":[145],"Western":[146,230],"blot":[147],"qRT-PCR":[149,216],"utilized":[151],"verify":[153],"results.":[155],"Results":[156],"In":[157,297],"both":[158],"normal":[159],"samples,":[162],"found":[164],"264":[165],"PCDDEGs.":[166],"We":[167],"identified":[168,305],"four":[169,306],"genes,":[171],"GGCT,":[172],"HYAL2,":[173,203,309],"BEX1,":[174,204,310],"FABP4,":[176],"candidate":[178,322],"biomarkers":[180,323],"for":[181,324],"using":[183],"LASSO,":[184],"random":[185],"forest":[186],"(RF),":[187],"support":[189],"vector":[190],"machine\u2013recursive":[191],"feature":[192],"elimination":[193],"studies.":[194],"GGCT":[195,221],"was":[196,222,250,255],"upregulated":[198],"tissues,":[201],"while":[202],"FABP4":[206],"down-regulated.":[209],"These":[210,261,316],"expression":[211],"patterns":[212],"validated":[214],"analysis.":[217],"The":[218],"upregulation":[219],"further":[223,332],"confirmed":[224],"at":[225],"protein":[227],"level":[228],"blotting":[231],"supported":[233],"immunohistochemistry":[235],"(IHC).":[236],"Additionally,":[237],"substantial":[239],"increase":[240],"10":[244],"types":[247,263],"observed,":[251],"this":[253,302],"strongly":[256],"correlated":[257],"LUAD-PCDDEGs.":[260],"included":[264],"plasma":[265],"cells,":[266,269,272,277,281,285,288,291],"memory":[267],"B":[268,271],"naive":[270],"CD4":[273],"+":[274],"memory-activated":[275],"T":[276,280,284,287],"follicular":[278],"helper":[279],"gamma":[282],"delta":[283],"regulatory":[286],"resting":[289],"dendritic":[290],"M1":[292],"macrophages,":[293],"eosinophils.":[295],"Conclusion":[296],"context":[299],"study":[303],"successfully":[304],"(GGCT,":[308],"FABP4)":[312],"PCD.":[315],"findings":[317],"suggest":[318],"their":[319,327],"potential":[320],"LUAD;":[325],"however,":[326],"clinical":[328],"utility":[330],"requires":[331],"validation":[333],"independent":[335],"prospective":[336],"cohorts.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
