{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225795114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","title":"Association of the glycolipid index GLM7 with polycystic ovary syndrome: an exploratory mediation analysis of serum total testosterone","display_name":"Association of the glycolipid index GLM7 with polycystic ovary syndrome: an exploratory mediation analysis of serum total testosterone","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225795114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15947008","display_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","issn_l":"1757-2215","issn":["1757-2215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102498372","display_name":"Zhenwei Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136636917","display_name":"Nana Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nana Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161470424","display_name":"Siyuan Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143744089","display_name":"Jiali Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiali Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gynecology, Yongzhou Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100973047","display_name":"Yunxia Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunxia Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136850964","display_name":"Tao Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100973047","https://openalex.org/A5136636917","https://openalex.org/A5136850964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596","https://openalex.org/I91935597"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11412","display_name":"Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018442814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500816","display_name":"Polycystic ovary","level":4,"score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7608000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6255000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776405666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500183","display_name":"Free androgen index","level":5,"score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126674687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662573","display_name":"Akaike information criterion","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30092816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419613","display_name":"Sex hormone-binding globulin","level":4,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529545","display_name":"Hyperandrogenism","level":5,"score":0.26249998807907104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15947008","display_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","issn_l":"1757-2215","issn":["1757-2215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02282-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15947008","display_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","issn_l":"1757-2215","issn":["1757-2215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polycystic":[0],"ovary":[1],"syndrome":[2],"(PCOS)":[3],"is":[4,22,389],"characterized":[5],"by":[6],"complex":[7],"and":[8,11,31,61,69,83,110,119,225,246,274,313,328,386],"interrelated":[9],"metabolic":[10,150,342,376],"endocrine":[12],"disturbances.":[13],"However,":[14],"whether":[15],"the":[16,32,79,84,96,105,139,166,196,199,204,226,236,262,275,295,307,329,345],"novel":[17],"glyco-lipid":[18],"seven-factor":[19],"index":[20,122],"(GLM7)":[21],"associated":[23,176,255,322,378],"with":[24,59,145,158,177,230,244,256,323,379],"greater":[25,178,257,324],"odds":[26,85,179,227,258,325],"of":[27,45,86,99,143,147,180,228,233,259,306,326,362,375],"PCOS":[28,60,159,181,245,260,314],"remains":[29],"unclear,":[30],"potential":[33],"mechanisms":[34],"underlying":[35],"this":[36,52,363],"association":[37,80,107,222,298,310],"have":[38],"not":[39],"been":[40],"fully":[41,276],"elucidated.":[42],"A":[43],"total":[44,101,308,353],"1,149":[46],"infertile":[47],"women":[48,58,63,157,243,248],"were":[49,75,153,321],"included":[50,241],"in":[51,261,344,384],"retrospective":[53],"case-control":[54],"study,":[55],"including":[56,201,331,339],"162":[57],"987":[62],"without":[64,163,249],"PCOS.":[65,87,111,164],"Multivariable":[66],"logistic":[67,168],"regression":[68,169],"restricted":[70],"cubic":[71],"spline":[72],"(RCS)":[73],"analyses":[74],"performed":[76,125],"to":[77,94,104,137,300],"examine":[78],"between":[81,108,223,311],"GLM7":[82,109,144,152,174,202,224,252,312,320,332,369],"An":[88],"exploratory":[89],"mediation":[90,290],"analysis":[91,217,291,349],"was":[92,124,135,175],"conducted":[93],"evaluate":[95],"statistical":[97],"contribution":[98],"serum":[100,301,352],"testosterone":[102,354],"(TT)":[103],"observed":[106,309],"Propensity":[112],"score":[113],"matching":[114],"(PSM)":[115],"based":[116],"on":[117],"age":[118],"body":[120],"mass":[121],"(BMI)":[123],"as":[126],"a":[127,219,359],"sensitivity":[128],"analysis.":[129],"The":[130],"Akaike":[131],"information":[132],"criterion":[133],"(AIC)":[134],"used":[136],"compare":[138],"relative":[140],"model":[141,200,214,264,278,330],"fit":[142,336],"that":[146,294,351,368],"conventional":[148,340],"individual":[149,341],"markers.":[151],"significantly":[154,254],"higher":[155,173,251],"among":[156,161],"than":[160,337],"those":[162],"In":[165,235],"multivariable":[167],"analysis,":[170],"each":[171],"one-unit":[172],"after":[182],"covariate":[183],"adjustment":[184],"(adjusted":[185,279],"OR":[186,280],"=":[187,209,266,272,281,287],"1.95,":[188],"95%":[189,268,283],"CI:":[190,269,284],"1.38\u20132.74,":[191],"P":[192,271,286,316],"<":[193,317],"0.001).":[194],"Among":[195],"models":[197,338],"evaluated,":[198],"had":[203],"lowest":[205],"AIC":[206],"value":[207],"(AIC":[208],"828.91),":[210],"indicating":[211],"comparatively":[212,334],"better":[213,335],"fit.":[215],"RCS":[216],"showed":[218,293,333],"significant":[220],"overall":[221],"PCOS,":[229,250,327,380],"no":[231],"evidence":[232],"nonlinearity.":[234],"propensity":[237],"score\u2013matched":[238],"cohort,":[239],"which":[240],"157":[242],"321":[247],"remained":[253],"unadjusted":[263],"(OR":[265],"1.84,":[267],"1.29\u20132.62,":[270],"0.001)":[273],"adjusted":[277],"1.54,":[282],"1.02\u20132.34,":[285],"0.041).":[288],"Exploratory":[289,348],"further":[292,382],"estimated":[296],"indirect":[297],"related":[299],"TT":[302],"accounted":[303,356],"for":[304,357],"16.43%":[305],"(":[315],"0.01).":[318],"Higher":[319],"markers":[343],"analyzed":[346],"dataset.":[347],"suggested":[350],"statistically":[355],"only":[358],"small":[360],"proportion":[361],"association.":[364],"These":[365],"findings":[366],"suggest":[367],"may":[370],"provide":[371],"an":[372],"integrated":[373],"measure":[374],"characteristics":[377],"although":[381],"validation":[383],"prospective":[385],"independent":[387],"populations":[388],"warranted.":[390]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
