{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225794822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/vq50q-4kz38","title":"Cogent: CPU-First Typed Decision Models with Option Independence by Construction","display_name":"Cogent: CPU-First Typed Decision Models with Option Independence by Construction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225794822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/vq50q-4kz38"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126144554","display_name":"Carlo Esposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6632-431X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6632-431X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esposito, Carlo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eyed Softwares"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eyed Softwares","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126144554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.40209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.40209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.03420000150799751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.6680999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88626702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128903","display_name":"Continuation","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97399411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825367","display_name":"Coin flipping","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85461838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100785","display_name":"Ordinal data","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249226","display_name":"Decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18653775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333358","display_name":"Joint probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.17613/vq50q-4kz38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/vq50q-4kz38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/vq50q-4kz38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/jc26j-bdr91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cogent":[0,148],"is":[1,53,86,92],"a":[2,20,24,33,45,57,62,94,102,128],"family":[3],"of":[4,35,111,138],"four":[5],"typed":[6,36],"decision":[7],"models":[8],"(32M":[9],"to":[10,75,136],"400M":[11],"parameters)":[12],"built":[13],"on":[14,156],"Ettin":[15],"reranker":[16],"encoders.":[17],"Each":[18],"takes":[19],"state,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,100],"support":[25],"ticket,":[26],"an":[27,30],"invoice":[28],"or":[29,41],"alert,":[31],"plus":[32],"set":[34],"questions":[37,108],"(choice,":[38],"ordinal":[39],"score":[40,159],"yes/no),":[42],"and":[43,61,104,106,160,172,183],"returns":[44],"probability":[46],"distribution":[47],"for":[48],"each":[49,67],"question.":[50],"A":[51,114],"request":[52],"encoded":[54,87],"once":[55],"under":[56],"tree":[58],"attention":[59],"graph,":[60],"small":[63],"reader":[64],"head":[65],"scores":[66],"option":[68,74],"with":[69],"no":[70],"path":[71],"from":[72],"one":[73],"another.":[76],"In":[77],"exact":[78],"arithmetic":[79],"this":[80,119],"guarantees":[81],"three":[82],"properties:":[83],"the":[84,88,97,143,167],"state":[85],"same":[89,98],"way":[90],"whatever":[91],"asked,":[93],"question":[95],"answers":[96],"alone":[99],"in":[101,124,186],"batch,":[103],"choice":[105],"yes/no":[107],"satisfy":[109],"independence":[110],"irrelevant":[112],"alternatives.":[113],"pre-registered":[115],"ablation":[116],"finds":[117],"that":[118],"guarantee":[120],"costs":[121],"nothing":[122],"measurable":[123],"Brier":[125,158],"score.":[126],"On":[127,142,165],"laptop":[129],"CPU,":[130],"five-question":[131],"requests":[132],"run":[133],"at":[134],"1%":[135],"18%":[137],"Laya-typed's":[139],"p95":[140],"latency.":[141],"typed-decisions":[144],"benchmark,":[145],"where":[146],"all":[147],"results":[149,185],"are":[150],"fitted":[151],"(in-distribution),":[152],"Cogent-Large":[153],"beats":[154],"Laya-typed":[155,171],"accuracy,":[157],"calibration":[161],"after":[162],"Holm":[163],"correction.":[164],"JevBench,":[166],"smaller":[168],"tiers":[169],"trail":[170],"Large":[173],"ties":[174],"it.":[175],"The":[176],"paper":[177],"reports":[178],"its":[179],"evaluation":[180],"protocol,":[181],"audits":[182],"negative":[184],"full.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
