{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225792013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","title":"Time-dependent leptonic modeling of four LHAASO sources: Ultra-high-energy emission from mature pulsar wind nebulae","display_name":"Time-dependent leptonic modeling of four LHAASO sources: Ultra-high-energy emission from mature pulsar wind nebulae","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225792013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321858","display_name":"Di Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-2371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-2371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159619094","display_name":"Meizhen Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meizhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138882238","display_name":"Sinuo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0418-4045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0418-4045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinuo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0418-4045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161463362","display_name":"Jun Fang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Department of Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China, Kunming, 650091,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Department of Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China, Kunming, 650091,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.8568000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61203554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171516","display_name":"Compton scattering","level":3,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196939603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41872","display_name":"Interstellar medium","level":3,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86021447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272447","display_name":"Molecular cloud","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75776270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54284","display_name":"ROSAT","level":3,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186769553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726648","display_name":"Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73586568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2600211","display_name":"Parameter space","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192887742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202","display_name":"Neutron star","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985973956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617745","display_name":"High energy","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aec0f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Whether":[1],"pulsar":[2],"wind":[3],"nebulae":[4],"(PWNe)":[5],"in":[6],"relatively":[7,142],"late":[8,143],"evolutionary":[9,144],"stages":[10],"can":[11,134],"sustain":[12],"ultra-high-energy":[13],"(UHE)":[14],"\u03b3-ray":[15,155],"emission":[16,75],"remains":[17],"an":[18],"open":[19],"question.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22,26],"paper,":[23],"we":[24],"investigate":[25],"issue":[27],"by":[28],"modeling":[29],"four":[30],"LHAASO":[31],"sources":[32,65,156],"associated":[33],"with":[34],"pulsar-powered":[35,147],"sys-":[36],"tems":[37],"\u2014":[38,49],"namely":[39],"1LHAASO":[40,42,44,47,110],"J0007+7303u,":[41],"J1857+0245,":[43],"J1849-0002,":[45],"and":[46],"J1740+0948":[48],"using":[50],"a":[51,70],"time-dependent":[52],"one-zone":[53],"leptonic":[54],"model.":[55],"The":[56,112],"multi-":[57],"wavelength":[58],"spectral":[59],"energy":[60],"distributions":[61],"(SEDs)":[62],"of":[63,87,152],"these":[64],"are":[66,92],"consistently":[67],"reproduced":[68],"within":[69],"unified":[71],"framework,":[72],"where":[73],"the":[74,98,103],"above":[76,137],"100":[77,138],"TeV":[78,139],"is":[79,106],"primarily":[80],"attributed":[81],"to":[82,121,125],"in-":[83],"verse":[84],"Compton":[85],"scattering":[86],"multi-hundred-TeV":[88],"electrons.":[89],"Model":[90],"parameters":[91],"constrained":[93],"via":[94],"MCMC":[95],"sampling":[96],"for":[97,109],"first":[99],"three":[100],"sources,":[101],"while":[102],"parameter":[104],"space":[105],"explored":[107],"directly":[108],"J1740+0948.":[111],"inferred":[113],"present-day":[114],"magnetic":[115],"field":[116],"strengths":[117],"range":[118],"from":[119],"2.47":[120],"5.87":[122],"\u03bcG,":[123],"comparable":[124],"typical":[126],"interstellar":[127],"values.":[128],"Our":[129],"results":[130],"suggest":[131],"that":[132],"PWNe":[133],"remain":[135],"detectable":[136],"even":[140],"at":[141],"stages,":[145],"supporting":[146],"systems":[148],"as":[149],"viable":[150],"counterparts":[151],"Galactic":[153],"UHE":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
