{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225792000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","title":"Pangenome analysis of human and aquaculture Streptococcus agalactiae identifies integrative conjugative elements as major carriers of antimicrobial resistance asymmetry","display_name":"Pangenome analysis of human and aquaculture Streptococcus agalactiae identifies integrative conjugative elements as major carriers of antimicrobial resistance asymmetry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225792000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055729040","display_name":"Sayed Mashequl Bari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-9436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-9436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90340485","display_name":"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ht0cf17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90340485"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Mashequl Bari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90340485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093952340","display_name":"Fouzia Mostafa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouzia Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noakhali Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noakhali Medical College","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046113349","display_name":"Sabrina Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-4113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-4113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75881417","display_name":"WorldFish","ror":"https://ror.org/04bd4pk40","country_code":"MY","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I75881417"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["WorldFish"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WorldFish","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75881417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067088197","display_name":"Md. Abdullah Al Mamun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-6830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-6830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135366938","display_name":"Sylhet Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/000n1k313","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135366938"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abdullah Al Mamun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sylhet Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sylhet Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135366938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010932275","display_name":"Muhammad Manjurul Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-8239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-8239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Manjurul Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11961","display_name":"Neonatal and Maternal Infections","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777860557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132949","display_name":"Streptococcus agalactiae","level":4,"score":0.8363999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132533263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347362","display_name":"Mobile genetic elements","level":4,"score":0.8044000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179470777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356661","display_name":"Bacterial adhesin","level":4,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92938381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83185","display_name":"Horizontal gene transfer","level":4,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780258820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195454","display_name":"Genomic island","level":4,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105176652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147112","display_name":"Comparative genomics","level":5,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776817793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553369","display_name":"Lineage (genetic)","level":3,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24527192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149729","display_name":"Human pathogen","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778276568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190161","display_name":"Streptococcus","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11578512/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1832517154","https://openalex.org/W1929185253","https://openalex.org/W1972145956","https://openalex.org/W1976165458","https://openalex.org/W2019419750","https://openalex.org/W2037419442","https://openalex.org/W2064981323","https://openalex.org/W2077529382","https://openalex.org/W2098470788","https://openalex.org/W2103878497","https://openalex.org/W2106019860","https://openalex.org/W2114850508","https://openalex.org/W2115244437","https://openalex.org/W2121008200","https://openalex.org/W2121244587","https://openalex.org/W2130124027","https://openalex.org/W2133043289","https://openalex.org/W2137072192","https://openalex.org/W2137546666","https://openalex.org/W2145704137","https://openalex.org/W2150550043","https://openalex.org/W2161248261","https://openalex.org/W2168990146","https://openalex.org/W2261944450","https://openalex.org/W2513727910","https://openalex.org/W2529838505","https://openalex.org/W2610605620","https://openalex.org/W2726257503","https://openalex.org/W2736920791","https://openalex.org/W2760903243","https://openalex.org/W2767490364","https://openalex.org/W2768050546","https://openalex.org/W2883838322","https://openalex.org/W2885680427","https://openalex.org/W2891078715","https://openalex.org/W2903680162","https://openalex.org/W2949477823","https://openalex.org/W2951254987","https://openalex.org/W2953729035","https://openalex.org/W2953739684","https://openalex.org/W3005235420","https://openalex.org/W3033648611","https://openalex.org/W3045244624","https://openalex.org/W3081651310","https://openalex.org/W3110685338","https://openalex.org/W3168040031","https://openalex.org/W3170689505","https://openalex.org/W3196648049","https://openalex.org/W3209528471","https://openalex.org/W3215508572","https://openalex.org/W4221004030","https://openalex.org/W4253650975","https://openalex.org/W4289527519","https://openalex.org/W4304481015","https://openalex.org/W4361224221","https://openalex.org/W4382631198","https://openalex.org/W4385302529","https://openalex.org/W4387772278","https://openalex.org/W4401507673","https://openalex.org/W4409566306","https://openalex.org/W4410055790","https://openalex.org/W7123893864","https://openalex.org/W7128063336","https://openalex.org/W7162579267"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Streptococcus":[1,5],"agalactiae":[2,197],"(Group":[3],"B":[4],")":[6],"causes":[7],"neonatal":[8],"sepsis":[9],"in":[10,61,96,144,183,195],"humans":[11],"and":[12,48,75,114,134,171,198],"is":[13,29],"an":[14],"emerging":[15],"pathogen":[16],"of":[17,98,102,109,116,124,192],"farmed":[18],"tilapia,":[19],"yet":[20],"how":[21],"mobile":[22,50],"genetic":[23],"elements":[24,55],"differ":[25],"between":[26],"these":[27],"hosts":[28],"uncharacterized.":[30],"We":[31],"analyzed":[32],"259":[33],"genomes":[34,65,77,104],"(159":[35],"human,":[36],"100":[37],"fish)":[38],"from":[39],"25":[40],"countries,":[41],"integrating":[42],"pangenome-wide":[43],"association,":[44],"resistance":[45,81,111,142,156,194],"gene":[46,112,157,165],"profiling":[47],"coordinate-level":[49],"element":[51],"analysis.":[52],"Integrative":[53],"conjugative":[54],"(ICEs)":[56],"were":[57,120],"far":[58],"more":[59,79],"prevalent":[60],"human":[62,76,99],"than":[63],"fish":[64,103],"(73.6%":[66],"versus":[67,85,122],"12.0%;":[68],"odds":[69],"ratio":[70],"20.43,":[71],"P":[72,87],"=":[73,88,106],"1.72\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u00b3),":[74],"carried":[78],"acquired":[80,193],"genes":[82,91,174],"(median":[83],"1":[84],"0;":[86],"7.3\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2076).":[89],"Resistance":[90],"lay":[92],"inside":[93],"ICE":[94],"regions":[95],"57.9%":[97],"but":[100],"4.0%":[101],"(P":[105],"4.4\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u00b9);":[107],"55%":[108],"all":[110],"copies,":[113,119],"81%":[115],"tet":[117,149],"(M)":[118,150],"ICE-located,":[121],"5%":[123],"random":[125],"positions,":[126],"although":[127],"erm":[128],"(A),":[129],"spw":[130],",":[131],"lsa":[132],"(E)":[133],"lnu":[135],"(B)":[136],"never":[137],"were.":[138],"In":[139],"fish,":[140],"ICE-located":[141],"occurred":[143,182],"four":[145,172],"genomes,":[146],"three":[147],"carrying":[148],"on":[151],"Tn916-like":[152],"elements.":[153],"No":[154],"\u03b2-lactam":[155],"was":[158],"detected.":[159],"Pangenome-wide":[160],"association":[161],"identified":[162,190],"27":[163],"host-associated":[164],"families,":[166],"with":[167],"the":[168,175,188],"adhesin":[169],"lmb":[170],"mobile-element":[173],"most":[176],"robust.":[177],"The":[178],"zoonotic":[179],"lineage":[180],"ST283":[181],"both":[184],"hosts.":[185],"ICEs":[186],"are":[187,199],"major":[189],"carriers":[191],"S.":[196],"sharply":[200],"asymmetric":[201],"across":[202],"hosts,":[203],"highlighting":[204],"lineages":[205],"for":[206],"One":[207],"Health":[208],"surveillance.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
