{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225791192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","title":"A hidden jet emission component revealed by the anomalous X-ray low state of 1ES 0229+200","display_name":"A hidden jet emission component revealed by the anomalous X-ray low state of 1ES 0229+200","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225791192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S959143335","display_name":"Chinese Physics C","issn_l":"1674-1137","issn":["1674-1137","2058-6132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Physics C","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021697840","display_name":"Ze-Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-6669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-6669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097715","display_name":"Qilu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wztsq19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097715"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze-Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Qilu Normal University, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jinan, Shandong, 250200,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-6669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Qilu Normal University, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jinan, Shandong, 250200,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097715"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161461720","display_name":"Rui Xue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, --- Select One ---, 321004,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, --- Select One ---, 321004,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059456177","display_name":"Dingrong Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-9575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-9575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801168720","display_name":"Yunnan Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/02f42pw58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801168720","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingrong Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Observatory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Observatory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801168720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161435174","display_name":"Yun-Bing Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Bing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112003698","display_name":"Lei-Ming Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei-Ming Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161437053","display_name":"Zhao-Hua Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao-Hua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2410,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2410},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21368211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689863","display_name":"Synchrotron","level":2,"score":0.6708999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5013999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16332341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212871","display_name":"Synchrotron radiation","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119947313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111717503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195385","display_name":"BL Lac object","level":4,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776691733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673122","display_name":"Proton Synchrotron","level":3,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185020441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126904","display_name":"Population inversion","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/aec118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S959143335","display_name":"Chinese Physics C","issn_l":"1674-1137","issn":["1674-1137","2058-6132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Physics C","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,76,95],"August":[2],"2021,":[3],"simultaneous":[4,73],"Swift-XRT":[5],"and":[6,53,56,179],"NuSTAR":[7],"observations":[8,181],"caught":[9],"the":[10,72,84,92,106,120,130,134,147],"extreme":[11],"high-synchrotron-peaked":[12],"BL":[13],"Lac":[14],"object":[15],"1ES":[16],"0229+200":[17],"in":[18,166],"an":[19,115,138],"exceptionally":[20],"faint":[21],"X-ray":[22,74],"state.":[23],"The":[24,124,151],"spectrum":[25],"was":[26],"concave,":[27],"showing":[28],"tentative":[29],"hardening":[30],"above":[31],"\u223c":[32],"25":[33],"keV.":[34],"We":[35],"investigate":[36],"three":[37,70,125],"representative":[38],"interpretations":[39],"within":[40],"a":[41,45,63,101,162,171],"common":[42],"decelerating-jet":[43],"framework:":[44],"one-zone":[46],"hybrid":[47],"electron\u2013proton":[48],"syn-chrotron":[49],"model":[50,66],"(Model":[51,67],"A),":[52],"external-Compton":[54],"(EC)":[55],"pure":[57],"synchrotron":[58,80,89],"self-Compton":[59],"(SSC)":[60],"realizations":[61,97],"of":[62,98],"two-zone":[64],"leptonic":[65],"B).":[68],"All":[69],"reproduce":[71],"spectrum.":[75],"Model":[77,99],"A,":[78],"electron":[79],"emission":[81,90],"accounts":[82],"for":[83],"soft":[85],"X-rays,":[86],"while":[87,114],"proton":[88],"produces":[91,105],"hard":[93,107],"component.":[94],"both":[96],"B,":[100],"compact":[102],"inner":[103],"zone":[104,117,168],"component":[108,141,159],"through":[109],"EC":[110],"or":[111,169],"SSC":[112],"emission,":[113],"outer":[116],"approximately":[118],"describes":[119],"historical":[121],"broadband":[122],"emission.":[123],"solutions":[126],"therefore":[127],"lead":[128],"to":[129],"same":[131],"observational":[132],"inference:":[133],"low":[135],"state":[136],"reveals":[137],"additional":[139],"radiative":[140],"that":[142],"is":[143],"normally":[144],"hidden":[145],"beneath":[146],"dominant":[148],"soft-X-ray":[149],"continuum.":[150],"present":[152],"data":[153],"do":[154],"not":[155],"determine":[156],"whether":[157],"this":[158],"arises":[160],"from":[161,170],"second":[163],"particle":[164],"population":[165],"one":[167],"distinct":[172],"dissipation":[173],"region.":[174],"Simultaneous":[175],"hard-X-ray,":[176],"MeV,":[177],"GeV,":[178],"VHE":[180],"will":[182],"distinguish":[183],"these":[184],"possibilities.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}