{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225791100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","title":"Decision uncertainty in particulate-matter measurement comparability under sparse reference sampling","display_name":"Decision uncertainty in particulate-matter measurement comparability under sparse reference sampling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225791100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152483444","display_name":"Mengjie Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9375-1592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152488761","display_name":"Le Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3050-2593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3050-2593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3050-2593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087715356","display_name":"Gengpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-4100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-4100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-4100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.5971999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.5971999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.3440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.8604999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7105000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777366796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017758","display_name":"Indeterminacy (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5748999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41426520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192065","display_name":"Point estimation","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776213154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13370881","display_name":"Verdict","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94624232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150667","display_name":"Indeterminate","level":2,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73782692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Random error","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977","display_name":"Cutoff","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106195933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847935","display_name":"Truncation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aec0bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,172],"comparability":[2,265],"verdict":[3,27,259,266],"between":[4],"a":[5,8,26,90,218,264,277],"reference":[6,15,39,254],"and":[7,53,63,89,125,128,158,161,167,179,186,238,253,268],"candidate":[9],"measurement":[10],"method":[11],"depends":[12],"on":[13,143],"the":[14,18,31,82,98,110,144,148,176,184,233,246,250,257],"observations":[16],"supporting":[17],"fitted":[19],"relationship.":[20],"We":[21],"examined":[22],"how":[23,261,274],"far":[24],"such":[25],"remains":[28],"determinate":[29],"when":[30],"same":[32],"paired":[33],"record":[34,178],"is":[35],"reduced":[36],"to":[37,156,201],"fewer":[38],"dates.":[40],"Lineage-consistent":[41],"daily":[42],"PM\u2082.\u2085":[43],"records":[44,228],"from":[45,81,154],"45":[46,111],"US":[47,83],"sites":[48],"(2022\u20132025)":[49],"supplied":[50,86],"127":[51],"episodes":[52],"43,576":[54],"same-site":[55],"reference\u2013equivalent-method":[56],"pairs.":[57],"All":[58],"phases":[59],"of":[60,130,169,240],"1-in-3,":[61],"1-in-6":[62,185],"1-in-12":[64,187],"calendars":[65],"were":[66,107,235],"compared":[67],"with":[68,229],"each":[69],"episode\u2019s":[70],"near-daily":[71,104,177],"record.":[72],"An":[73],"ordinary":[74],"least":[75],"squares":[76],"(OLS)":[77],"slope\u2013intercept":[78],"bias":[79],"envelope":[80,234],"equivalence":[84],"criteria":[85],"point":[87,132,258],"verdicts,":[88],"circular":[91],"moving-block":[92],"bootstrap":[93,251],"classified":[94],"their":[95,241],"stability.":[96],"Under":[97],"primary":[99],"0.95/0.05":[100],"stability":[101,145],"rule,":[102],"82":[103],"benchmarks":[105],"(64.6%)":[106],"boundary-uncertain.":[108],"On":[109],"benchmark-stable":[112],"episodes,":[113],"site-equal":[114],"sparse":[115],"indeterminacy":[116,211],"was":[117,198,225],"33.02%":[118],"(95%":[119],"confidence":[120],"interval":[121,223],"21.07\u201346.07%),":[122],"63.77%":[123],"(52.98\u201373.75%)":[124],"73.81%":[126],"(63.69\u201382.56%),":[127],"88":[129],"90":[131],"mismatches":[133],"became":[134],"indeterminate":[135],"rather":[136],"than":[137,212],"opposite":[138],"stable":[139,243],"verdicts.":[140],"Levels":[141],"depended":[142],"cutoff,":[146],"but":[147],"ordering":[149],"held":[150],"at":[151,215,221],"every":[152],"cutoff":[153],"0.80":[155],"0.99":[157],"under":[159],"data-driven":[160],"calendar-duration-matched":[162],"block":[163],"bootstraps,":[164],"event":[165],"exclusion":[166],"removal":[168],"high-concentration":[170],"days.":[171],"baseline":[173],"using":[174],"only":[175],"its":[180],"serial":[181],"dependence":[182],"reproduced":[183],"levels":[188],"within":[189],"4":[190],"percentage":[191],"points.":[192],"No":[193],"additional":[194],"calendar":[195],"point-mismatch":[196],"risk":[197],"detected":[199],"relative":[200],"size-matched":[202],"random":[203,213],"sampling;":[204],"an":[205],"exploratory":[206],"state":[207,252],"comparison":[208],"suggested":[209],"lower":[210],"sampling":[214],"1-in-3.":[216],"In":[217],"known-truth":[219],"simulation":[220],"1-in-12,":[222],"coverage":[224],"about":[226],"88%;":[227],"true":[230],"parameters":[231],"inside":[232],"mostly":[236],"indeterminate,":[237],"14":[239],"64":[242],"verdicts":[244],"had":[245],"wrong":[247],"direction.":[248],"Reporting":[249],"support":[255],"alongside":[256],"shows":[260],"much":[262,275],"evidence":[263],"carries,":[267],"benchmark-based":[269],"baselines":[270],"may":[271],"help":[272],"assess":[273],"determinacy":[276],"sparser":[278],"schedule":[279],"would":[280],"retain.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
