{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225791094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","title":"The Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from String Loops at Capped Tension: A Prediction Far Below the Pulsar-Timing Signal","display_name":"The Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from String Loops at Capped Tension: A Prediction Far Below the Pulsar-Timing Signal","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225791094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.7538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.713699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11577676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134237","display_name":"Square root","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170442971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431196","display_name":"Cosmic string","level":3,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186068551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13255585","display_name":"Tension (geology)","level":3,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144386022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332997","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","level":5,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780990831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319141","display_name":"Conjecture","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187970030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185086","display_name":"Background radiation","level":3,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54937798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2024141","display_name":"Massless particle","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776716506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161158","display_name":"Conjugate points","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47586369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377672","display_name":"Rise time","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156976","display_name":"Excursion","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"computes":[2],"a":[3,53,78,115,156,197,200],"consequence":[4],"of":[5,16,26,56,80,109,117,159,178],"the":[6,13,23,34,41,50,57,62,83,106,118,132,140,160,171],"torsion-regulated":[7],"bounce":[8,119,141],"for":[9,124],"topological":[10],"defects,":[11],"using":[12],"density":[14],"ceiling":[15],"9.718e+54":[17],"grams":[18],"per":[19,73],"cubic":[20],"centimetre":[21],"and":[22,93,143,194],"maximum":[24],"temperature":[25],"3.278e+22":[27],"kelvin":[28],"that":[29,96],"follows":[30],"from":[31,187],"it.":[32],"At":[33],"capped":[35,133],"tension":[36,172],"G":[37,89,181],"mu":[38,90],"=":[39,47,91],"4.342e-20,":[40],"plateau":[42],"amplitude":[43,97,102],"is":[44,75,136,153,168,185,196],"Omega_gw":[45],"h^2":[46],"6.589e-13":[48],"in":[49,180],"nanohertz":[51,161],"band,":[52],"factor":[54],"6.589e-05":[55],"10^-8":[58,81],"level":[59],"associated":[60],"with":[61,82,139,146,170,190],"reported":[63],"pulsar-timing":[64],"process.":[65],"The":[66,150,183],"corresponding":[67],"characteristic":[68],"strain":[69],"at":[70,114,131,163],"one":[71],"cycle":[72],"year":[74],"2.181e-17.":[76],"Matching":[77],"background":[79],"same":[84],"loop":[85,112],"model":[86],"would":[87,98],"require":[88,99],"1.000e-11,":[92],"matching":[94],"twice":[95],"4.000e-11,":[100],"because":[101],"grows":[103],"only":[104],"as":[105],"square":[107],"root":[108],"tension.":[110],"A":[111],"born":[113],"tenth":[116],"horizon,":[120],"1.286e-17":[121],"metres,":[122],"lives":[123],"about":[125],"1.976e-08":[126],"seconds":[127],"against":[128],"gravitational":[129],"radiation":[130],"tension,":[134],"which":[135],"long":[137],"compared":[138,145],"time":[142],"short":[144],"later":[147],"cosmological":[148],"epochs.":[149],"framework's":[151],"statement":[152],"therefore":[154],"sharp:":[155],"string-loop":[157],"interpretation":[158],"signal":[162],"its":[164],"commonly":[165],"discussed":[166],"tensions":[167],"incompatible":[169],"ceiling,":[173],"by":[174],"roughly":[175],"nine":[176],"orders":[177],"magnitude":[179],"mu.":[182],"calculation":[184],"performed":[186],"stated":[188],"assumptions":[189],"all":[191],"arithmetic":[192],"deposited,":[193],"it":[195],"computation,":[198],"not":[199],"measurement.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
