{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225789944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","title":"Adaptive Energy Management System for Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Modelling Fuzzy Logic Control for Hybrid Solar PV, Battery and Grid Systems","display_name":"Adaptive Energy Management System for Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Modelling Fuzzy Logic Control for Hybrid Solar PV, Battery and Grid Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225789944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19225425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114368372","display_name":"Grace Kiarie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grace Kiarie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2871-3264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044109290","display_name":"Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-9295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-9295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oludolapo Olanrewaju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-9295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114368372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"22","first_page":"5425","last_page":"5425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.11159999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.10419999808073044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551796","display_name":"Charge controller","level":4,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130797344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272175","display_name":"Reverse osmosis","level":3,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202112998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3362339","display_name":"Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298444","display_name":"Solar desalination","level":4,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195697387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608561","display_name":"Grid-connected photovoltaic power system","level":5,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19225425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19225425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19225425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586304318","https://openalex.org/W2760135455","https://openalex.org/W2769149369","https://openalex.org/W2905216699","https://openalex.org/W2917204348","https://openalex.org/W3016844994","https://openalex.org/W3089174036","https://openalex.org/W3139491789","https://openalex.org/W4205153809","https://openalex.org/W4281717597","https://openalex.org/W4298003396","https://openalex.org/W4309167505","https://openalex.org/W4379364436","https://openalex.org/W4381149068","https://openalex.org/W4381542778","https://openalex.org/W4389145078","https://openalex.org/W4391286414","https://openalex.org/W4400675519","https://openalex.org/W4401893888","https://openalex.org/W4402270714","https://openalex.org/W4402485247","https://openalex.org/W4406326717","https://openalex.org/W4407840335","https://openalex.org/W4408989507","https://openalex.org/W4410452451","https://openalex.org/W4412178248","https://openalex.org/W4414574023","https://openalex.org/W4414967119","https://openalex.org/W4415388631","https://openalex.org/W4416964310","https://openalex.org/W6959024550","https://openalex.org/W7118190052","https://openalex.org/W7123362625","https://openalex.org/W7128023221","https://openalex.org/W7153071442"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,109,156,180],"demand":[1,12],"for":[2,13,28,161],"fresh":[3],"water":[4],"in":[5,36,50,188,192,204],"coastal":[6],"regions":[7,205],"has":[8],"increased":[9],"the":[10,74,106,113,119,137,144,162,183],"energy":[11,26,68,97,138,159,174,191],"desalination":[14,31,165,193],"systems.":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17],"models":[18],"a":[19,54,196],"hybrid":[20,116,190],"solar":[21,34,57,86,126,154,208],"PV,":[22],"battery,":[23,89],"and":[24,76,90,92,128],"grid":[25,91,173],"system":[27,41,117],"reverse":[29,141,163],"osmosis":[30,164],"under":[32],"realistic":[33],"conditions":[35],"Mombasa,":[37],"Kenya.":[38],"An":[39],"adaptive":[40],"that":[42,84,112],"responds":[43],"to":[44,139,199],"real-time":[45],"irradiance":[46,58],"data":[47],"is":[48,103],"modelled":[49],"MATLAB":[51],"R2025a":[52],"using":[53,80],"five-year":[55],"hourly":[56],"dataset":[59],"from":[60],"NASA":[61],"POWER,":[62],"an":[63],"internet":[64],"database":[65],"with":[66,105,206],"renewable":[67],"datasets.":[69],"analysis":[71],"done":[72],"determines":[73],"control":[75,83,187],"economic":[77],"efficiency":[78],"of":[79,136,152,185],"fuzzy":[81,107,114],"logic":[82,115],"prioritizes":[85],"PV":[87,127,132],"power,":[88],"ensures":[93],"seamless":[94],"transitions":[95],"between":[96],"sources.":[98],"A":[99],"well-tuned":[100],"PID":[101,120],"controller":[102],"compared":[104],"controller.":[108],"results":[110],"show":[111],"outperformed":[118],"controller,":[121],"achieving":[122],"near-autonomous":[123],"reliance":[124],"on":[125],"battery":[129],"energy.":[130],"Solar":[131],"power":[133,140],"provided":[134],"most":[135],"osmosis,":[142],"while":[143],"stored":[145],"charge":[146],"was":[147,167],"effectively":[148],"used":[149],"during":[150],"periods":[151],"low":[153],"irradiance.":[155,209],"attained":[157],"specific":[158],"consumption":[160],"process":[166],"5.82":[168],"kWh/m3,":[169],"which":[170],"substantially":[171],"minimized":[172],"use,":[175],"hence":[176],"reducing":[177],"operational":[178],"costs.":[179],"findings":[181],"highlight":[182],"importance":[184],"intelligent":[186],"optimizing":[189],"applications,":[194],"offering":[195],"viable":[197],"pathway":[198],"low-carbon,":[200],"sustainable":[201],"freshwater":[202],"production":[203],"high":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
