{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225788751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","title":"High AXL Expression and Stromal\u2013Angiogenic Immune Phenotypes in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers","display_name":"High AXL Expression and Stromal\u2013Angiogenic Immune Phenotypes in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225788751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cas.70594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175946340","display_name":"Cancer Science","issn_l":"1347-9032","issn":["1347-9032","1349-7006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023102308","display_name":"Kyosuke Seguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087348","display_name":"National Cancer Centre Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/0025ww868","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyosuke Seguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030748838","display_name":"Tadayoshi Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-1214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-1214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087348","display_name":"National Cancer Centre Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/0025ww868","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tadayoshi Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-1214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051798960","display_name":"Takao Fujisawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3438-5757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3438-5757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Fujisawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068676079","display_name":"Akitaka Makiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-668X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-668X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105815","display_name":"Gifu University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01kqdxr19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105815"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akitaka Makiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Center Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Center Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002809808","display_name":"Toshihiro Kudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-6375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-6375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151107","display_name":"Osaka International Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvwhv53","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151107","https://openalex.org/I4405282797"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiro Kudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology Osaka International Cancer Institute  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology Osaka International Cancer Institute  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038655401","display_name":"Kentaro Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-9345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-9345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088324","display_name":"Shizuoka Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0042ytd14","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center  Shizuoka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center  Shizuoka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066902370","display_name":"Koushiro Ohtsubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-4306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-4306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104330","display_name":"Kanazawa University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsdn005","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104330"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koushiro Ohtsubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology Kanazawa University Hospital  Kanazawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology Kanazawa University Hospital  Kanazawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058524907","display_name":"Taroh Satoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-2638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-2638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155576","display_name":"Osaka University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05rnn8t74","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155576","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taroh Satoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine The University of Osaka  Suita Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-2638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine The University of Osaka  Suita Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155576","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005262911","display_name":"Chigusa Morizane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-7503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-7503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285273","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/053hhpd64","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4405285273"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chigusa Morizane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057155489","display_name":"Shogen Boku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-0379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-0379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126884977","display_name":"Kansai Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/001xjdh50","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126884977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284950","display_name":"Kansai Medical University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc9445","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284950"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shogen Boku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Oncology Kansai Medical University Hospital  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-0379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Oncology Kansai Medical University Hospital  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126884977","https://openalex.org/I4405284950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063723368","display_name":"Eiji Oki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097767","display_name":"Kyushu University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ex2fc97","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4210097767"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiji Oki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070581221","display_name":"Naoki Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-9507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-9507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123465","display_name":"Saitama Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03a4d7t12","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123465"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology Saitama Cancer Center  Saitama Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology Saitama Cancer Center  Saitama Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123465"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034993620","display_name":"Fumio Nagashima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-4363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-4363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190930483","display_name":"Kyorin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0188yz413","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190930483"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumio Nagashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190930483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051327921","display_name":"Shigenori Kadowaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-5309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-5309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133851","display_name":"Aichi Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfmm080","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286927","display_name":"Aichi Cancer Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03kh0z432","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133851","https://openalex.org/I4405286927"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigenori Kadowaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Nagoya Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133851","https://openalex.org/I4405286927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161466944","display_name":"Takeshi Kato","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090372","display_name":"Osaka National Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00b6s9f18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090372","https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery NHO Osaka National Hospital  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery NHO Osaka National Hospital  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054182211","display_name":"Yoshito Komatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-6802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-6802","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5448-6403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141669","display_name":"Hokkaido University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0419drx70","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshito Komatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cancer Chemotherapy Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center  Sapporo Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-6802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cancer Chemotherapy Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center  Sapporo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067999427","display_name":"Yohei Kubota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-688X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-688X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163917720","display_name":"St. Marianna University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/043axf581","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163917720"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohei Kubota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Oncology St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Oncology St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163917720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006196118","display_name":"Akihito Tsuji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201933988","display_name":"Kagawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7mzp05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201933988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135297","display_name":"Kagawa University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/033sspj46","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201933988","https://openalex.org/I4210135297"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akihito Tsuji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Kagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Kagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201933988","https://openalex.org/I4210135297"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161433602","display_name":"Yukiko Fukuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukiko Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science  Tokyo Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066981005","display_name":"Naoko Iida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-2865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-2865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoko Iida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018170175","display_name":"Taro Shibuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-7691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-7691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087348","display_name":"National Cancer Centre Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/0025ww868","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taro Shibuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043738572","display_name":"Hideaki Bando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087348","display_name":"National Cancer Centre Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/0025ww868","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki Bando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049339139","display_name":"Karam Ashouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1825-1033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1825-1033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karam Ashouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060361217","display_name":"Sandra D. Algaze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-5019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-5019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Algaze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112905591","display_name":"Heinz Josef Lenz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinz\u2010Josef Lenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062748030","display_name":"Takayuki Yoshino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087348","display_name":"National Cancer Centre Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/0025ww868","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145079","display_name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","ror":"https://ror.org/03rm3gk43","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Yoshino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Research Support Office National Cancer Center Hospital East  Kashiwa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":24,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030748838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087348","https://openalex.org/I4210145079"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10696","display_name":"Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes","score":0.4189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488212","display_name":"Microsatellite instability","level":5,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5564000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16930146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4381253","display_name":"Stromal cell","level":2,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542804219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526839","display_name":"Gastrointestinal cancer","level":4,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101544691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420511","display_name":"Receptor tyrosine kinase","level":3,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360","display_name":"Gastrointestinal tract","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029907","display_name":"Stomach","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777025900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29725","display_name":"Vascular endothelial growth factor","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63363279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133848","display_name":"Clinical significance","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779742542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372701","display_name":"Esophageal cancer","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16909647","display_name":"Tumor progression","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26375932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118226","display_name":"Growth factor receptor","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cas.70594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175946340","display_name":"Cancer Science","issn_l":"1347-9032","issn":["1347-9032","1349-7006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43012149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cas.70594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.70594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175946340","display_name":"Cancer Science","issn_l":"1347-9032","issn":["1347-9032","1349-7006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851477645","https://openalex.org/W1971574117","https://openalex.org/W1983774108","https://openalex.org/W2003445065","https://openalex.org/W2104592492","https://openalex.org/W2122561635","https://openalex.org/W2179438025","https://openalex.org/W2727463864","https://openalex.org/W2952001873","https://openalex.org/W3099862724","https://openalex.org/W3215388060","https://openalex.org/W4225100518","https://openalex.org/W4309409970","https://openalex.org/W4380991813","https://openalex.org/W4400776817","https://openalex.org/W4407284129","https://openalex.org/W4415363450","https://openalex.org/W4416549165","https://openalex.org/W4417539112","https://openalex.org/W7154611305","https://openalex.org/W7161594208"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AXL,":[0],"a":[1,224,237],"receptor":[2,198],"tyrosine":[3],"kinase,":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"implicated":[7],"in":[8,20,44,107,228],"epithelial-mesenchymal":[9,211],"transition,":[10,212],"angiogenesis,":[11,213],"immune":[12,161],"evasion,":[13],"and":[14,53,115,141,186,206,208,214,232],"therapeutic":[15],"resistance,":[16],"but":[17],"its":[18],"relevance":[19],"upper":[21,229],"gastrointestinal":[22,230],"cancers":[23,231],"remains":[24],"incompletely":[25],"defined.":[26],"We":[27],"analyzed":[28],"337":[29],"patients":[30,158],"with":[31,84,160,169],"advanced":[32],"gastric":[33,108],"(n":[34,39,61,66],"=":[35,40,62,67,104,113,121,153,180],"287)":[36],"or":[37,64],"esophageal":[38,116],"50)":[41],"cancer":[42,70,130],"enrolled":[43],"SCRUM-Japan":[45],"MONSTAR-SCREEN-2,":[46],"whose":[47],"tumors":[48,81,90,183],"were":[49,57,82],"profiled":[50],"by":[51],"whole-exome":[52],"whole-transcriptome":[54],"sequencing.":[55],"Patients":[56],"classified":[58],"as":[59,236],"AXL-high":[60,80,182],"169)":[63],"AXL-low":[65,89],"168)":[68],"using":[69],"type-specific":[71],"median":[72],"transcripts-per-million":[73],"cutoffs.":[74],"Median":[75],"follow-up":[76],"was":[77,166],"14.1":[78],"months.":[79],"associated":[83,168],"shorter":[85],"overall":[86],"survival":[87,171],"than":[88,240],"(median,":[91],"12.9":[92],"versus":[93],"17.1":[94],"months;":[95],"hazard":[96],"ratio,":[97,110,118,146,173],"1.58;":[98],"95%":[99,148,175],"confidence":[100,149,176],"interval,":[101,150,177],"1.17-2.14;":[102],"p":[103,112,120,152,179],"0.003),":[105],"consistently":[106],"(hazard":[109,117,145,172],"1.47;":[111],"0.020)":[114],"2.46;":[119],"0.027)":[122],"cancer.":[123],"This":[124],"association":[125],"persisted":[126],"after":[127],"adjustment":[128],"for":[129],"type,":[131],"age,":[132],"sex,":[133],"number":[134],"of":[135,194,210],"metastatic":[136],"sites,":[137],"microsatellite":[138,156],"instability":[139],"status,":[140],"tumor":[142],"mutational":[143],"burden":[144],"1.59;":[147],"1.14-2.22;":[151],"0.007).":[154],"Among":[155],"stable":[157],"treated":[159],"checkpoint":[162],"blockade,":[163],"AXL":[164,221],"expression":[165,193,222],"not":[167],"progression-free":[170],"0.83;":[174],"0.61-1.14;":[178],"0.255).":[181],"showed":[184],"stromal":[185],"vascular":[187,200],"expansion,":[188],"regulatory":[189],"T-cell":[190],"enrichment,":[191],"higher":[192],"fibroblast":[195],"growth":[196,202,216],"factor":[197,203,217],"1,":[199],"endothelial":[201],"receptors":[204],"1-3,":[205],"MET,":[207],"enrichment":[209],"transforming":[215],"beta":[218],"signaling.":[219],"High":[220],"identifies":[223],"poor-prognosis":[225],"stromal-angiogenic":[226],"phenotype":[227],"warrants":[233],"prospective":[234],"validation":[235],"prognostic,":[238],"rather":[239],"predictive,":[241],"biomarker.":[242],"Trial":[243],"Registration:":[244],"UMIN":[245],"Clinical":[246],"Trials":[247],"Registry,":[248],"UMIN000043899.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}