{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225788348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","title":"Geoelectrical Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability and Petroleum Contamination along the Kolo Creek Oil-Producing Corridor, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","display_name":"Geoelectrical Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability and Petroleum Contamination along the Kolo Creek Oil-Producing Corridor, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225788348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161443563","display_name":"Udoh Gabriel C.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127206278","display_name":"Akwa Ibom State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3wdh84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127206278"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udoh Gabriel C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127206278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161461284","display_name":"Ohaegbulem Modestus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160143","display_name":"Gregory University Uturu","ror":"https://ror.org/056c31v05","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160143"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ohaegbulem Modestus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161360514","display_name":"Chukwubuike Chiemelie Onwuagbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwubuike Chiemelie Onwuagbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161421776","display_name":"Akinwumi Francis Bodunwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akinwumi Francis Bodunwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Bassambiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Bassambiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161423055","display_name":"Essien Ekom E.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257265","display_name":"University of Africa Toru-Orua","ror":"https://ror.org/052vhkx86","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257265"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essien Ekom E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161471859","display_name":"Akanigwo Chidimma D.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095568","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic Oko","ror":"https://ror.org/00m1bsz76","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095568"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akanigwo Chidimma D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095568"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161461267","display_name":"Madu Onyeka E.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139185249","display_name":"African Union Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01jg4aw19","country_code":"ET","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139185249"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madu Onyeka E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139185249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105097937","display_name":"Jonathan N. Nwauzor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600935","display_name":"Akanu Ibiam, Federal Polytechnic Unwana","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7f5969","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nwauzor Jonathan N.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana,  Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana,  Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161423649","display_name":"Nwafor Ernest Kelechukwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286626","display_name":"Shanahan University Onitsha","ror":"https://ror.org/02ntf9f28","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286626"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nwafor Ernest Kelechukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics with Electronics, Shanahan University, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics with Electronics, Shanahan University, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161494828","display_name":"Okafor Chijioke A.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7044-8378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7044-8378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100116408","display_name":"University of Port Harcourt","ror":"https://ror.org/005bw2d06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okafor Chijioke A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7044-8378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"170","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10894","display_name":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.8888999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.6983000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777201227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331224","display_name":"Overburden","level":2,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522964758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586","display_name":"Environmental remediation","level":3,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80656479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14479002","display_name":"Vertical electrical sounding","level":4,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129360787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466917","display_name":"Total dissolved solids","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113712","display_name":"Groundwater pollution","level":4,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47291792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7542232","display_name":"Slug test","level":4,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989071153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113712","display_name":"Groundwater contamination","level":4,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44259058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177734","display_name":"Artesian aquifer","level":4,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26568496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646113","display_name":"Surficial aquifer","level":5,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Groundwater":[0,82,142],"protection":[1,221],"in":[2,30,217],"petroleum-producing":[3],"areas":[4],"requires":[5],"assessment":[6],"of":[7,191],"both":[8],"subsurface":[9],"characteristics":[10],"and":[11,20,46,58,79,103,155,176,196,222],"measured":[12,193],"contaminant":[13,48,210],"concentrations.":[14,211],"This":[15],"study":[16,227],"assessed":[17],"aquifer":[18,72,74,119,218],"vulnerability":[19],"petroleum-related":[21],"groundwater":[22,43],"contamination":[23,224],"along":[24],"the":[25,64,188,192,199,208,226],"Kolo":[26],"Creek":[27],"oil-producing":[28],"corridor":[29],"Ogbia":[31],"Local":[32],"Government":[33],"Area,":[34],"Bayelsa":[35],"State,":[36],"Nigeria,":[37],"using":[38,63],"vertical":[39],"electrical":[40,88],"sounding":[41],"(VES),":[42],"physicochemical":[44],"analysis":[45],"petroleum":[47,99,194,223],"measurements.":[49],"Five":[50],"VES":[51],"locations":[52],"across":[53,225],"Otuasega,":[54],"Oruma,":[55],"Imiringi,":[56],"Elebele":[57,204],"Emeyal":[59],"communities":[60],"were":[61,84],"investigated":[62],"Schlumberger":[65],"electrode":[66],"configuration.":[67],"Interpreted":[68],"geoelectrical":[69],"parameters":[70],"included":[71],"resistivity,":[73],"thickness,":[75],"overburden":[76,139,220],"longitudinal":[77],"conductance":[78,128],"transverse":[80],"resistance.":[81],"samples":[83],"analysed":[85],"for":[86],"pH,":[87],"conductivity":[89],"(EC),":[90],"total":[91,98,104,177],"dissolved":[92,95],"solids":[93],"(TDS),":[94],"oxygen":[96],"(DO),":[97],"hydrocarbons":[100,107],"(TPH),":[101],"benzene":[102,170],"polycyclic":[105],"aromatic":[106],"(PAHs).":[108],"Aquifer":[109],"resistivity":[110],"ranged":[111,129,144],"from":[112,122,130,145,150,157,165,171,179],"42":[113],"to":[114,124,132,137,147,152,159,167,173,181],"156":[115],"\u03a9":[116],"m,":[117],"while":[118],"thickness":[120],"varied":[121,164],"8.4":[123],"15.4":[125],"m.":[126],"Longitudinal":[127],"0.181":[131],"0.402":[133],"S,":[134],"indicating":[135],"weak":[136],"moderate":[138],"protective":[140],"capacity.":[141],"pH":[143],"5.4":[146],"6.5,":[148],"EC":[149],"165":[151],"460":[153],"\u00b5S/cm":[154],"TDS":[156],"106":[158],"294":[160],"mg/L.":[161],"TPH":[162],"concentrations":[163,190],"0.04":[166],"0.42":[168],"mg/L,":[169],"0.4":[172],"4.8":[174],"\u00b5g/L":[175],"PAHs":[178],"0.06":[180],"0.78":[182],"\u00b5g/L.":[183],"Imiringi":[184],"(VES":[185,205],"3)":[186],"recorded":[187,207],"highest":[189,200],"contaminants":[195],"was":[197],"assigned":[198],"follow-up":[201],"priority,":[202],"whereas":[203],"4)":[206],"lowest":[209],"The":[212],"findings":[213],"identify":[214],"spatial":[215],"differences":[216],"properties,":[219],"area.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}