{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225787976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","title":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation, Nutritional Crisis and Developmental Implications in Nigeria","display_name":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation, Nutritional Crisis and Developmental Implications in Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225787976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282486","display_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2504-8821","issn":["2504-8821","2695-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117131781","display_name":"Jimmy U. J","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37797678","display_name":"University of Uyo","ror":"https://ror.org/0127mpp72","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37797678"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"U.J Jimmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management University of Uyo, Uyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management University of Uyo, Uyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37797678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117131781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37797678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14269","display_name":"Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019446561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12796","display_name":"Small arms","level":2,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993950204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11114344","display_name":"North east","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019338729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198","display_name":"Armed conflict","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019602066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212372","display_name":"Boko haram","level":4,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986359222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8683","display_name":"Cold war","level":3,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993342163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food insecurity","level":4,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018753268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11114344","display_name":"South east","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299260","display_name":"Local government area","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no12.2024.pg87.116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282486","display_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2504-8821","issn":["2504-8821","2695-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Armed":[0],"conflict,":[1],"whether":[2],"civil":[3],"wars,":[4],"international":[5],"warfare,":[6],"or":[7],"regional":[8],"instability,":[9],"has":[10],"farreaching":[11],"consequences":[12],"on":[13,16,213,274,363],"societies,":[14],"particularly":[15],"the":[17,72,101,133,140,150,167,197,207,244,247,255,275,279,313,331,338],"health":[18],"and":[19,30,42,54,90,105,110,112,116,143,145,237,260,295,306,318,369],"nutritional":[20,43],"well-being":[21],"of":[22,26,32,68,71,124,184,189,192,209,228,232,235,241,270,291,316],"populations.":[23],"The":[24,45,118,222,323],"destruction":[25],"infrastructure,":[27],"forced":[28],"displacement,":[29],"disruption":[31],"food":[33,214,276,292,317,367],"systems":[34],"contribute":[35,319],"to":[36,204,320],"a":[37,48,182,238],"severe":[38],"rise":[39],"in":[40,61,77,132,139,149,196,216,220,278,296],"malnutrition":[41],"disorders.":[44],"study":[46,198,280],"adopted":[47],"two-pronged":[49],"approach":[50],"using":[51],"narratives,":[52],"interviews":[53],"internet":[55],"materials.":[56],"Multi-stage":[57],"sampling":[58,179],"was":[59,194,202,283,344],"employed":[60],"selecting":[62],"three":[63],"recognised":[64],"geo-political":[65,75],"regions":[66],"out":[67],"six.":[69],"Out":[70],"six":[73],"(6)":[74],"zones":[76],"Nigeria":[78],"namely;":[79],"North":[80,82,84,102,107,134,141],"East,":[81,87,135],"West,":[83],"Central,":[85],"South":[86,88,91,113,151],"West":[89],"South,":[92],"two":[93],"conflict-ridden":[94],"states":[95,120,160],"will":[96],"be":[97,263],"purposively":[98],"selected":[99,119,162,175],"from":[100,129,158,171,330,334],"East":[103,114],"(Borno":[104],"Bauchi),":[106],"Central":[108,142],"(Plateau":[109],"Benue)":[111],"(Anambra":[115],"Enugu).":[117],"have":[121],"experienced":[122],"series":[123],"small":[125,210,271,286],"arms":[126,211,272],"conflict":[127,212,217,273,288],"ranging":[128],"Boko":[130],"haram":[131],"Fulani":[136],"Herdsmen":[137],"clash":[138],"IPOB":[144],"unknown":[146],"gun":[147],"men":[148],"East.":[152],"Three":[153,169],"local":[154,364],"government":[155],"areas":[156,219],"(LGAs)":[157],"each":[159,172],"were":[161,174],"totalling":[163],"nine":[164],"(9)":[165],"for":[166,206,356],"study.":[168],"communities":[170],"LGAs":[173],"through":[176],"simple":[177],"random":[178],"technique":[180],"making":[181],"total":[183,188],"27":[185],"villages.":[186],"A":[187],"384":[190],"copies":[191],"questionnaire":[193],"used":[195,203],"alongside":[199],"interview.":[200],"Chi-square":[201],"test":[205],"impact":[208,269],"availability":[215,277],"prone":[218],"Nigeria.":[221],"result":[223],"produces":[224],"Pearson":[225],"Chi-Square":[226],"value":[227],"236.102a":[229],",":[230],"degree":[231],"freedom":[233],"(df)":[234],"12":[236],"P-value":[239,248],"(2-sided)":[240],"0.000.":[242],"From":[243],"result,":[245],"since":[246],"is":[249,258,267,374],"less":[250],"than":[251],"0.05":[252],"(significance":[253],"level),":[254],"null":[256],"hypothesis":[257],"rejected":[259],"can":[261,354],"therefore":[262],"concluded":[264,345],"that":[265,285,346],"there":[266],"significant":[268],"area.":[281],"It":[282,343],"revealed":[284],"arm":[287],"causes":[289],"breakdown":[290],"distribution":[293],"networks":[294],"most":[297],"cases,":[298],"roads":[299],"are":[300,304,308,326,349],"blocked,":[301],"transportation":[302],"routes":[303],"unsafe,":[305],"markets":[307],"disrupted.":[309],"These":[310],"barriers":[311],"prevent":[312],"efficient":[314],"movement":[315],"localized":[321],"shortages.":[322],"vulnerable":[324],"people":[325],"not":[327,350],"necessarily":[328],"dead":[329],"bullet":[332,339],"triggered":[333],"riffles,":[335],"rather":[336],"by":[337,341],"fired":[340],"hunger.":[342],"these":[347],"effects":[348],"only":[351],"immediate":[352],"but":[353],"persist":[355],"years,":[357],"affecting":[358],"future":[359],"generations.":[360],"Hence,":[361],"Investment":[362],"disarmament,":[365],"expanding":[366],"production":[368],"embracing":[370],"an":[371],"ideal":[372],"governance":[373],"needful.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
